Most Read articles

Published in last 1 year |  In last 2 years |  In last 3 years |  All

Published in last 1 year

Please wait a minute...


For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Epidemiology of pathogenic tick-borne viruses in China: a review#br# #br# MA Jingge, LIU Ning, LIU Ziyan, LIU Quan, WEI Feng, WANG Zedong Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 325-330,348.   Abstract （290）      PDF（pc） （973KB）（732）       Knowledge map    Save Ticks are obligate, haematophagous arthropods that are distributed across the world, which may transmit more than 200 pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. A large number of tick species are widespread in China, and their transmitting tick-borne viral diseases pose a great threat to human health in endemic foci. This review describes the epidemiology of common, emerging and potentially pathogenic tick-borne viruses in China, and recommends the assessment of public health significance and pathogenicity of emerging tick-borne viruses using reverse microbial etiology, so as to provide insights into the management of emerging tick-borne diseases in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Discovery and distribution of and response to arbovirus in China over the past seven decades XIA Han, YUAN Zhiming Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 427-436,450.   Abstract （273）      PDF（pc） （1541KB）（639）       Knowledge map    Save Arbovirus is a group of virus transmitted by blood⁃sucking arthropod bites, which infects both arthropods and vertebrates. More than 600 arboviruses have been characterized worldwide until now, including 65 highly pathogenic viruses, which pose a high threat to public health. The risk of arbovirus transmission is increasing due to climate change, international trade and urbanization. The review summarizes the discovery and distribution of emerging and reemerging arboviruses and novel arboviruses with potential pathogenic risks, and proposes responses to the arbovirus transmission risk, so as to provide insights into the research and management of arboviruses and arthropod⁃borne infectious diseases in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Protective effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin against acute kidney injury associated with acute liver failure in mice XUE Yuan, YANG Xiaodi, ZHANG Huaping, ZHANG Tingting, CHEN Weihao, CHANG Xinyue, WANG Yanhong Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 331-339.   Abstract （242）      PDF（pc） （2448KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To evaluate the protective effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin (rSj⁃Cys) against acute kidney injury induced by acute liver failure and unravel the underlying mechanism, so as to provide insights into the clinical therapy of acute kidney injury. Methods　Twenty⁃four male C57BL/6J mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into the normal control group, rSj⁃Cys control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D⁃galactosamine (D⁃GaIN) model group and LPS/D⁃GaIN +rSj⁃Cys treatment group, of 6 mice each group. Mice in the LPS/D⁃GaIN group and LPS/D⁃GaIN + rSj⁃Cys group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 μg/kg) and D⁃GaIN (700 mg/kg), and mice in the LPS/D⁃GaIN + rSj⁃Cys group were additionally administered with rSj⁃Cys (1.25 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection 30 min post⁃modeling, while mice in the rSj⁃Cys group were intraperitoneally injected with rSj⁃Cys (1.25 mg/kg), and mice in the normal control group were injected with the normal volume of PBS. All mice were sacrificed 6 h post⁃modeling, and mouse serum and kidney samples were collected. Serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured, and the pathological changes of mouse kidney specimens were examined using hematoxylin⁃eosin (HE) staining. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)⁃α and interleukin (IL)⁃6 levels were detected using enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis⁃related proteins was quantified in mouse kidney specimens using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of pyroptosis⁃related proteins and nuclear factor⁃kappa B (NF⁃κB) signaling pathway⁃associated proteins was determined in mouse kidney specimens using Western blotting assay. Results　HE staining showed no remarkable abnormality in the mouse kidney structure in the normal control group and the rSj⁃Cys control group, and renal tubular injury was found in LPS/D⁃GaIN group, while the renal tubular injury was alleviated in LPS/D⁃GaIN+rSj⁃Cys treatment group. There were significant differences in serum levels of Cr (F = 46.33, P < 0.001), BUN (F = 128.60, P < 0.001), TNF⁃α (F = 102.00, P < 0.001) and IL⁃6 (F = 202.10, P < 0.001) among the four groups , and lower serum Cr [(85.35 ± 32.05) µmol/L], BUN [(11.90 ± 2.76) mmol/L], TNF⁃α [(158.27 ± 15.83) pg/mL] and IL⁃6 levels [(56.72 ± 4.37) pg/mL] were detected in the in LPS/D⁃GaIN + rSj⁃Cys group than in the LPS/D⁃GaIN group (all P values < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining detected significant differences in TNF⁃α (F = 24.16, P < 0.001) and IL⁃10 (F = 15.07, P < 0.01) expression among the four groups , and lower TNF⁃α [(106.50 ± 16.57)%] and higher IL⁃10 expression [(91.83 ± 5.23)%] was detected in the LPS/D⁃GaIN + rSj⁃Cys group than in the LPS/D⁃GaIN group (both P values < 0.01). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry detected significant differences in the protein expression of pyroptosis⁃related proteins NOD⁃like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) (F = 24.57 and 30.72, both P values < 0.001), IL⁃1β (F =19.24 and 22.59, both P values < 0.001) and IL⁃18 (F = 16.60 and 19.30, both P values < 0.001) in kidney samples among the four groups, and lower NLRP3, IL⁃1β and IL⁃18 expression was quantified in the LPS/D⁃GaIN + rSj⁃Cys treatment group than in the LPS/D⁃GaIN group (P values < 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in the protein expression of NF⁃κB signaling pathway⁃associated proteins p⁃NF⁃κB p⁃P65/NF⁃κB p65 (F = 71.88, P < 0.001), Toll⁃like receptor (TLR)⁃4 (F = 45.49, P < 0.001) and p⁃IκB/IκB (F = 60.87, P < 0.001) in mouse kidney samples among the four groups, and lower expression of three NF⁃κB signaling pathway⁃associated proteins was determined in the LPS/D⁃GaIN + rSj⁃Cys treatment group than in the LPS/D⁃GaIN group (all P values < 0.01). Conclusion　rSj⁃Cys may present a protective effect against acute kidney injury caused by acute liver failure through inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis and downregulating the NF⁃κB signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Distribution characteristics of emerging and reemerging Oncomelania hupensis in China from 2015 to 2021 YANG Fan, FENG Ting, HE Junyi, ZHANG Lijuan, XU Jing, CAO Chunli, LI Shizhu Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 437-443.   Abstract （222）      PDF（pc） （1289KB）（391）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To analyze the distribution characteristics of emerging and reemerging Oncomelania hupensis snails after the criteria for transmission control of schistosomiasis were achieved in China, so as to provide insights into assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk and formulation of snail control strategies during the elimination phase. Methods　O. hupensis survey data in China from 2015 to 2021 were collected from the National Schistosomiasis Pevention and Control Information Management System, and the distribution characteristics of emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snails were descriptively analyzed. Results　Emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snails were identified in China each year from 2015 to 2021, with relatively larger areas with emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snail habitats in 2016 and 2021, and relatively higher numbers of counties (districts) where emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snails were detected in 2016 and 2021. A total of 4 586.30 hm2 of emerging O. hupensis snail habitats were found in 10 schistosomiasis⁃endemic provinces of China (except Fujian and Yunnan Provinces) from 2015 to 2021, with 96.80% in Anhui, Hunan and Hubei provinces, where marshland and lake endemic foci were predominant. A total of 21 023.90 hm2 of reemerging O. hupensis snail habitats were found in 12 schistosomiasis⁃endemic provinces of China from 2015 to 2021, with 97.67% in six provinces of Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Anhui, where marshland and lake and hilly endemic regions were predominant. Emerging snail habitats were found in 15.08% of all schistosomiasis⁃endemic counties (districts) in China from 2015 to 2021, and 78.75% of all emerging snail habitats were identified in 11 schistosomiasis⁃endemic counties (districts), with the largest area of emerging snail habitats found in Lixian County, Hunan Province (645.00 hm2). Reemerging snail habitats were found in 47.67% of all schistosomiasis⁃endemic counties (districts) in China from 2015 to 2021, and 43.29% of all reemerging snail habitats were identified in 11 schistosomiasis⁃endemic counties (districts), with the largest area of reemerging snail habitats found in Weishan Li and Hui Autonomous County of Hunan Province (1 579.70 hm2). Conclusions　Emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snails were identified in China each year from 2015 to 2021, with much larger areas of reemerging snail habitats than emerging snail habitats, and larger numbers of schistosomiasis⁃endemic provinces and counties (districts) with reemerging snails were found that those of provinces and counties (districts) with emerging snails. Specific snail control interventions are required tailored to the causes of emerging and reemerging snail habitats. Both emergence and reemergence of O. hupensis snails should be paid attention to in marshland and lake endemic areas, and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shanghai Municipality and Zhejiang Province where schistosomiasis had been eliminated, and reemergence of O. hupensis snails should be given a high priority in hilly areas. In addition, monitoring of O. hupensis snails should be reinforced in snail⁃free areas after flooding. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Spatial distribution characteristics of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province in 2020 ZHOU Yu, TANG Ling, TONG Yixin, HUANG Junhui, WANG Jiamin, ZHANG Yue, JIANG Honglin, XU Ning, GONG Yanfeng, YIN Jiangfan, JIANG Qingwu, ZHOU Jie, ZHOU Yibiao Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 444-450.   Abstract （204）      PDF（pc） （2702KB）（327）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody, and to examine the correlation between the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province in 2020, so as to provide insights into advanced schistosomiais control in the province. Methods　The epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province in 2020 were collected, including number of permanent residents in survey villages, number of advanced schistosomiasis patients, number of residents receiving serological tests and number of residents sero⁃positive for anti⁃Schistosoma antibody, and the prevalence advanced schistosomiasis and sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody were descriptively analyzed. Village⁃based spatial distribution characteristics of prevalence advanced schistosomiasis and sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody were identified in Hunan Province in 2020, and the correlation between the revalence advanced schistosomiasis and sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody was examined using Spearman correlation analysis. Results　The prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis was 0 to 2.72% and the sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody was 0 to 20.25% in 1 153 schistosomiasis⁃endemic villages in Hunan Province in 2020, and spatial clusters were identified in both the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis was 0 to 2.72% (global Moran’s I = 0.416, P < 0.01) and the sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody (global Moran’s I = 0.711, P < 0.01) in Hunan Province. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified 98 schistosomiasis⁃endemic villages with high⁃high clusters of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis, 134 endemic villages with high⁃high clusters of the sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody and 36 endemic villages with high⁃high clusters of both the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province. In addition, spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody (rs = 0.235, P < 0.05). Conclusions　There were spatial clusters of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province in 2020, which were predominantly located in areas neighboring the Dongting Lake. These clusters should be given a high priority in the schistosomiasis control programs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Schistosomiasis control in Sichuan Province since the 12th Five⁃Year Plan period: progress and prospects SHANG Jingye, ZHANG Yu, PU Chen, WAN Jiajia, CHEN Lin, WU Zisong, LIU Yang Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 539-544,556.   Abstract （201）      PDF（pc） （1262KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save An ambitious goal has been set for elimination of schistosomiasis in all endemic counties (districts) in Sichuan Province by 2023. To achieve this goal, and to continue to consolidate the control achievements, it is necessary to understand the current endemic status of schistosomiasis, identify the challenges and analyze the experiences and lessons from the schistosomiasis control program, and develop targeted control strategies and interventions in the province. This paper reviews the progress of schistosomiasis control in Sichuan Province since the 12th Five⁃Year Plan period, analyzes the challenges in the schistosomiasis elimination program, and proposes recommendations for future directions and priorities. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in hilly regions HE Junyi, ZHANG Yun, BAO Ziping, GUO Suying, CAO Chunli, DU Chunhong, CHA Jianwei, SUN Jiayu, DONG Yi, XU Jing, LI Shizhu, ZHOU Xiaonong Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 451-457,507.   Abstract （200）      PDF（pc） （1268KB）（311）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To establish a snail control approach for spraying chemicals with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in complex snail habitats in hilly regions, and to evaluate its molluscicidal effect. Methods　The protocol for evaluating the activity of spraying chemical molluscicides with drones against O. hupensis snails was formulated based on expert consultation and literature review. In August 2022, a pretest was conducted in a hillside field environment (12 000 m2) north of Dafengji Village, Dacang Township, Weishan County, Yunnan Province, which was assigned into four groups, of no less than 3 000 m2 in each group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was not conducted and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m2, and in Group B, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m2, while in Group C, environmental cleaning was not conducted and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m2, and in Group D, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m2. Then, each group was equally divided into six sections according to land area, with Section 1 for baseline surveys and sections 1 to 5 for snail surveys after chemical treatment. Snail surveys were conducted prior to chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7 days post⁃treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails, density of living snails and costs of molluscicidal treatment were calculated in each group. Results　The mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 9.49%, 69.09%, 53.57% and 83.48%, and 68.58%, 68.17%, 52.19% and 82.99% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post⁃treatment, and the density of living snails reduced by 58.40%, 63.94%, 68.91% and 83.25% 14 days post⁃treatment relative to pre⁃treatment in four groups, respectively. The median concentrations of chemical molluscicides were 37.08, 35.42, 42.50 g/m2 and 56.25 g/m2 in groups A, B, C and D, and the gross costs of chemical treatment were 0.93, 1.50, 0.46 Yuan per m2 and 1.03 Yuan per m2 in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Conclusions　The molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against O. hupensis snails is superior to manual chemical treatment without environmental cleaning, and chemical treatment with drones and manual chemical treatment show comparable molluscicidal effects following environmental cleaning in hilly regions. The cost of chemical treatment with drones is slightly higher than manual chemical treatment regardless of environmental cleaning. Spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is recommended in complex settings with difficulty in environmental cleaning to improve the molluscicidal activity and efficiency against O. hupensis snails. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human ocular helaziasis in China from 2011 to 2022 based on bibliometrics ZHAO Yuhui, PEI Fengting, YANG Naifu, SUN Huayue, GAO Zihui, TIAN Qingmei, LU Xiuzhen Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 513-516.   Abstract （190）      PDF（pc） （884KB）（369）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human ocular thelaziasis patients in China. Methods　Case reports regarding human ocular thelaziasis cases in China were retrieved in international and national electronic databases, including CNKI, VIP, CBM, Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, Wanfang Database, PubMed and Web of Science from 2011 to 2022. Patients’ gender, age, clinical symptoms, treatment, recurrence, site of infections, time of onset, affected eye, affected sites, number of infected Thelazia callipaeda, sex of T. callipaeda and source of infections were extracted for descriptive analyses. Results　A total of 85 eligible publications were included, covering 101 cases of human ocular thelaziasis, including 57 males (56.44%) and 44 females (43.56%) and aged from 3 months to 85 years. The main clinical manifestations included foreign body sensation (56 case⁃times, 22.49%), eye itching (38 case⁃times, 15.26%), abnormal or increased secretions (36 case⁃times, 14.46%), tears (28 case⁃times, 11.24%) and eye redness (28 case⁃times, 11.24%), and conjunctival congestion (50 case⁃times, 41.67%) was the most common clinical sign. The most common main treatment (99/101, 98.02%) was removal of parasites from eyes using ophthalmic forceps, followed by administration with ofloxacin and pranoprofen. In publications presenting thelaziasis recurrence, there were 90 cases without recurrence (97.83%) and 2 cases with recurrence (2.17%). Of all cases, 51.96% were reported in four provinces of Hubei, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Henan, and ocular thelaziasis predominantly occurred in summer (42.19%) and autumn (42.19%). In addition, 56.45% (35/62) had a contact with dogs. Conclusions　The human thelaziasis cases mainly occur in the continental monsoon and subtropical monsoon climate areas such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River basin, and people of all ages and genders have the disease, with complex clinical symptoms and signs. Personal hygiene is required during the contact with dogs, cats and other animals, and individual protection is required during outdoor activities to prevent thelaziasis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Progress of researches on Blastocystis hominis infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome LI Lin, CAI Yuchun, YU Chenghang, CHEN Muxin, TIAN Liguang Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 413-420,426.   Abstract （187）      PDF（pc） （1033KB）（261）       Knowledge map    Save Blastocystis is a common unicellular intestinal protozoa in humans and animals, and the most common clinical manifestations of infections include abdominal pain and diarrhea. Based on the sequence of the small⁃subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, 28 subtypes of B. hominis (ST1 to ST17, ST21 and ST23 to ST32) have been characterized. Previous studies have demonstrated that B. hominis infection is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other intestinal diseases, which threatens the health and quality of life among patients with B. hominis infection and is considered as an important public health problem. This review summarizes the progress of researches on B. hominis infection among IBD and IBS patients during the past 20 years, so as to provide insights into management of blastocystosis in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Effect of information⁃knowledge⁃attitude⁃practice theory⁃based health education on clonorchiasis control among community residents and primary school students in Zhongshan City HUO Shuting, ZHENG Yingyan, DENG Shaona, HUANG Guoxian Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 517-521.   Abstract （182）      PDF（pc） （892KB）（234）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To evaluate the effect of information⁃knowledge⁃attitude⁃practice (IKAP) theory⁃based health education interventions on clonorchiasis control among community residents and primary school students in Torch High⁃tech Development Zone of Zhongshan City, so as to provide insights into formulation of clonorchiasis control strategies among different types of populations. Methods　Residents were randomly sampled from two communities and students from two primary schools using a random cluster sampling method in Torch High⁃tech Development Zone, Zhongshan City from 2019 to 2021, and health education pertaining to clonorchiasis control was performed based on the IKAP theory. The changes in the awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge and belief, self⁃reported risk of Clonorchis sinensis infections and dietary behaviors were compared among community residents and primary school students before and after health education interventions. Results　The participants included 146 male and 151 female community residents and 158 male and 153 female primary school students, with no significant difference detected in gender distribution ([χ2] = 0.16, P > 0.05). The mean awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge increased by 44.71% and 43.28% among primary school students and community residents 6 months following health education, and there were significant differences in the awareness of each item of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge before and after health education ([χ2] = 41.53 to 284.44, all P values < 0.05). The proportions of primary school students and community residents thinking very high and high risks of C. sinensis infections increased from 9.35% and 6.71% before health education to 22.15% and 37.75% after health education, but only the difference of the attitudes in community residents achieve statistical significance ([χ2] = 92.18, P < 0.05). The frequency of separation of raw and cooked foods with chopping board and knife significantly increased among community residents and primary school students following health education ([χ2] = 16.04 to 62.65, all P values < 0.05). The frequency of eating raw freshwater fish ([χ2] = 32.85，P < 0.05), fish congee ([χ2] = 7.02，P < 0.05) and fish fillet hot pot ([χ2] = 4.88，P < 0.05) significantly reduced among primary school students following health education, while only the frequency and proportions of eating raw freshwater fish have significantly reduced in community residents ([χ2] = 11.77, P < 0.05). Conclusions　Health education interventions based on the IKAP theory are effective to increase the awareness of clonorchiasis control knowledge and improve dietary behaviors associated with C. sinensis infections among community residents and primary school students in Zhongshan City. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Progress of researches on developmental processes and reproduction mode of Pneumocystis XUE Ting, DU Weiqin, WANG Jing Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 522-528.   Abstract （175）      PDF（pc） （1242KB）（364）       Knowledge map    Save Pneumocystis, an important opportunistic fungal pathogen that parasitizes in multiple mammalian lungs, may cause life⁃threatening Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and even death among immunocompromised individuals. With the rapid development of high⁃throughput sequencing and multi⁃omics technologies, systematic comparative analyses of genome, transcriptome, and whole⁃genome sequencing results demonstrate that Pneumocystis is a type of obligate biotrophic fungi, and requires obtaining nutrition from hosts. In addition, sexual reproduction is an essential process for Pneumocystis survival, production and transmission, and asexual reproduction facilitates Pneumocystis survival, which provides new insights into understanding of the whole developmental process of Pneumocystis in the host lung and inter⁃host transmission of Pneumocystis. This review summarizes the advances in the reproduction mode of Pneumocystis and underlying mechanisms, which provides insights into prevention and treatment of PCP, notably for the prophylaxis against nosocomial transmission of PCP. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Progress of researches on molecular mechanisms underlying helminth infection⁃mediated type 1/2 host immune responses MU Qianqian, ZHOU Biying Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 534-538.   Abstract （174）      PDF（pc） （1049KB）（361）       Knowledge map    Save Helminth infections are widespread worldwide, and pose a serious threat to human health and animal husbandry development. Understanding of helminth⁃host interactions is critical to effective control and ultimate eradication of helminthiasis. Following host infections, helminth infections firstly initiate innate immune responses and then mediate adaptive immune responses. Type 1 immune responses are predominant at early stage of helminth infections, which mainly play anti⁃infective actions, and type 2 immune responses are predominant at late stage of infections, which are associated with helminth immune evasion and aggravation of tissue damages. This review summarizes the progress of researches on type 1/2 immune responses⁃associated signaling pathways mediated by helminth infections in hosts. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety and effect of psychological interventions among schistosomiasis patients in China: a meta⁃analysis WANG Meiti, JIN Guixiang, CHENG Ying, ZHENG Jinxin, TIAN Liguang, ZHANG Shunxian, HONG Wu Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 340-348.   Abstract （173）      PDF（pc） （1627KB）（327）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety and to evaluate the effect of psychological interventions among schistosomiasis patients in China, so as to provide insights into improvements of psychological health among schistosomiasis patients. Methods　Publications pertaining to comorbid depression and anxiety and psychological interventions among Chinese schistosomiasis patients were retrieved in electronic databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The prevalence of comorbidity, psychological interventions, and scores for the Self⁃Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self⁃Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) before and after psychological interventions among Chinese schistosomiasis patients were extracted. The prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety was investigated among Chinese schistosomiasis patients using a meta⁃analysis, and the effect of psychological interventions for depression and anxiety was evaluated. Results　A total of 231 publications were retrieved, and 14 publications that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final analysis, including 2 English publications and 12 Chinese publications. Meta⁃analysis showed that the prevalence rates of comorbid depression and anxiety were 61% [95% confidential interval (CI): (48%, 72%)] and 64% [95% CI: (42%, 81%)] among Chinese schistosomiasis patients. Both the SDS [1.45 points, 95% CI: (1.30, 1.60) points] and SAS scores [2.21 points, 95% CI: (2.05, 2.38) points] reduced among Chinese schistosomiasis patients after psychological interventions than before psychological interventions, and the SDS [−0.47 points, 95% CI: (−6.90, −0.25) points] and SAS scores [−1.30 points, 95% CI: (−1.52, −1.09) points] reduced among Chinese schistosomiasis patients in the case group than in the control group. Conclusions　The comorbid anxiety and depression are common among Chinese schistosomiasis patients, and conventional psychological interventions facilitate the improvements of anxiety and depression among schistosomiasis patients. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Impact of COVID⁃19 pandemic on the management of imported malaria in China LIU Ying, WANG Dan, HE Zhiquan, ZHANG Tao, YAN Hui, LIN Wen, ZHANG Xuan, LU Shenning, LIU Yuting, WANG Duoquan, LI Jun, RUAN Wei, LI Shizhu, ZHANG Hongwei Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 383-388.   Abstract （169）      PDF（pc） （1020KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To examine the impact of COVID⁃19 pandemic on the epidemic status of imported malaria and national malaria control program in China, so as to provide insights into post⁃elimination malaria surveillance. Methods　All data pertaining to imported malaria cases were collected from Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2021. The number of malaria cases, species of malaria parasites, country where malaria parasite were infected, diagnosis and treatment after returning to China, and response were compared before (from January 1, 2018 to January 22, 2020) and after the COVID⁃19 pandemic (from January 23, 2020 to December 31, 2021). Results　A total of 2 054 imported malaria cases were reported in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, and there were 1 722 cases and 332 cases reported before and after the COVID⁃19 pandemic, respectively. All cases were reported within one day after definitive diagnosis. The annual mean number of reported malaria cases reduced by 79.30% in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region after the COVID⁃19 pandemic (171 cases) than before the pandemic (826 cases), and the number of monthly reported malaria cases significantly reduced in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region since February 2020. There was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of species of malaria parasites among the imported malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region before and after the COVID⁃19 pandemic ([χ2] = 146.70, P < 0.05), and P. falciparum malaria was predominant before the COVID⁃19 pandemic (72.30%), while P. ovale malaria (44.28%) was predominant after the COVID⁃19 pandemic, followed by P. falciparum malaria (37.65%). There was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of country where malaria parasites were infected among imported malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region before and after the COVID⁃19 pandemic ([χ2] = 13.83, P < 0.05), and the proportion of malaria cases that acquired Plasmodium infections in western Africa reduced after the COVID⁃19 pandemic that before the pandemic (44.13% vs. 37.95%; [χ2] = 4.34, P < 0.05), while the proportion of malaria cases that acquired Plasmodium infections in eastern Africa increased after the COVID⁃19 pandemic that before the pandemic (9.58% vs. 15.36%; [χ2] = 9.88, P = 0.02). The proportion of completing case investigation within 3 days was significantly lower after the COVID⁃19 pandemic than before the pandemic (96.69% vs. 98.32%; [χ2] = 3.87, P < 0.05), while the proportion of finishing foci investigation and response within 7 days was significantly higher after the COVID⁃19 pandemic than before the pandemic (100.00% vs. 98.43%; [χ2] = 3.95, P < 0.05). Conclusions　The number of imported malaria cases remarkably reduced in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China during the COVID⁃19 pandemic, with a decreased proportion of completing case investigations within 3 days. The sensitivity of the malaria surveillance⁃response system requires to be improved to prevent the risk of secondary transmission of malaria due to the sharp increase in the number of imported malaria cases following the change of the COVID⁃19 containment policy. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Burden of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases in China from 1990 to 2030 YAO Lixi, LIN Su, HUANG Jiaofeng, WU Yinlian Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 464-475,496.   Abstract （168）      PDF（pc） （3686KB）（262）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To measure the burden of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases in China from 1990 to 2019, and to predict its changes from 2020 to 2030. Methods　The age⁃standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability⁃adjusted life years (DALY) rate of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019) data resources, and the trends in burdens of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases were evaluated from 1990 to 2019 using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and annual percent change (APC). In addition, the changes in the burden of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases were predicted in China from 2020 to 2023 using the Bayesian model. Results　The overall incidence of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases reduced from 2 725.98/105 in 1990 to 1 397.31/105 in 2019 in China [estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) = −2.35%, 95% confidential interval (CI): (−2.58%, −2.13%)], with a reduction in the prevalence from 12 239.53/105 in 1990 to 6 566.12/105 in 2019 [EAPC = −2.34%, 95% CI: (−2.54%, −2.14%)], a reduction in the mortality from 24.67/105 in 1990 to 8.07/105 in 2019 [EAPC = −4.92%, 95% CI: (−5.37%, −4.47%)], and a reduction in the DALYs rate from 793.38/105 in 1990 to 247.71/105 in 2019 [(EAPC = −5.15%, 95% CI: (−5.64%, −4.66%)]. The DALYs of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases were mainly attributed to liver cancer, and the DALYs of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases appeared a tendency towards a rise in China from 2012 to 2019 [APC = 1.30%, 95% CI: (0.16%, 2.45%)]. The overall burden of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases was higher in males than in females, and the DALYs rate of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases increased with age, with the greatest DALY rate seen among patients at ages of 50 to 69 years. The overall incidence of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases was projected to be 866.79/105 in China in 2030, with the greatest incidence seen in acute hepatitis B (854.87/105), and the burden of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases was predicted to decline in China from 2020 to 2030; however, the burden of liver disease was projected to appear a tendency towards a rise. Conclusions　The burden of hepatitis B⁃associated diseases appears an overall tendency towards a decline in China from 1990 to 2030; however, the burden of liver cancer appears a tendency towards aggravation. Early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer should be given a high priority. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Cross⁃species regulation and underlying mechanisms of parasite⁃derived non⁃coding RNAs: a review DAI Yue, YANG Qingli Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 529-533.   Abstract （162）      PDF（pc） （1075KB）（304）       Knowledge map    Save Parasite⁃derived non⁃coding RNAs (ncRNAs) not only contribute to life activities of parasites, and microRNA (miRNA), long non⁃coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) may generate a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network with host miRNAs and mRNAs via extracellular vesicles, thereby participating in infection and pathogenic processes. This article presents an overview of characterizing ncRNAs derived from parasites and the cross⁃species regulatory role of parasite⁃derived ncRNAs in host gene expression and its underlying mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Molecular detection and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in pigs in Anhui Province GAO Sichao, WANG Jipu, WU Xinghua, LUO Xinyu, LI Qiaoqiao, CHEN Dongqian, LIU Xinchao, LI Wenchao Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 508-512.   Abstract （159）      PDF（pc） （1082KB）（267）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in pigs in Anhui Province. Methods　A total of 500 stool samples were collected from large⁃scale pig farms in Bozhou, Anqing, Chuzhou, Hefei, Fuyang, and Lu’an cities in Anhui Province from October to December 2015. Blastocystis was detected in pig stool samples using a PCR assay based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, and positive samples were subjected to sequencing and sequence analysis. Blastocystis subtypes were characterized in the online PubMLST database, and verified using phylogenetic tree created with the neighbor⁃joining algorithm in the Meta software. Results　The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 43.2% (216/500) in pigs in 6 cities of Anhui Province, and all pig farms were tested positive for Blastocystis. There was a region⁃specific prevalence rate of Blastocystis (17.2% to 50.0%) ([χ2] = 26.084, P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. among nursery pigs (39.6%), preweaned pigs (19.1%), and growing pigs (62.3%) ([χ2] = 74.951, P < 0.01). Both online inquiry and phylogenetic analysis revealed ST1, ST3, and ST5 subtypes in pigs, with ST5 as the predominant subtype. Conclusion　The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. is high in pigs in Anhui Province, with three zoonotic subtypes identified, including ST1, ST3, and ST5. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Preliminary application of recombinase⁃aided amplification in detection of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae in freshwater fish CHEN Jianfeng, WANG Zhiqi, HUANG Wenming, WANG Jin, CHEN Lijuan, SUN Yunle, ZHAO Lanmei, ZHAO Yang, QIAN Yin, DUAN Junwei, ZHANG Qiang Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 458-463.   Abstract （158）      PDF（pc） （1168KB）（255）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To evaluate the performance of recombinase⁃aided amplification (RAA) assay in detection of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae in freshwater fish samples, so as to provide insights into standardization and field application of this assay. Methods　Wild freshwater fish samples were collected in the rivers of administrative villages where C. sinensis⁃infected residents lived in Jiangyan District, Xinghua County and Taixing County of Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province from June to September 2022. Genomic DNA was extracted from six freshwater fish specimens (5 g each) containing 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 C. sinensis metacercariae for fluorescent RAA assay, and the diagnostic sensitivity was evaluated. Fluorescent RAA assay was performed with genomic DNA from C. sinensis, Metorchis orientalis, Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae as templates to evaluate its cross⁃reactions. In addition, the detection of fluorescent RAA assay and direct compression method for C. sinensis metacercariae was compared in field⁃collected freshwater fish samples. Results　Positive amplification was found in freshwater fish specimens containing different numbers of C. sinensis metacercariae, and fluorescent RAA assay was effective to detect one C. sinensis metacercaria in 5 g freshwater fish specimens within 20 min. Fluorescent RAA assay tested negative for DNA from M. orientalis, H. pumilio and C. formosanus metacercariae. Fluorescent RAA assay and direct compression method showed 5.36% (93/1 735) and 2.88% (50/1 735) detections rate for C. sinensis metacercariae in 1 735 field⁃collected freshwater fish samples, with a statistically significant difference seen ([χ2] = 478.150, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the detection of C. sinensis metacercariae in different species of freshwater fish by both the direct compression method ([χ2] = 11.20, P < 0.05) and fluorescent RAA assay ([χ2] = 20.26, P < 0.001), and the detection of C. sinensis metacercariae was higher in Pseudorasbora parva than in other fish species by both the direct compression method fluorescent RAA assay (both P values < 0.05). Conclusions　Fluorescent RAA assay has a high sensitivity for detection of C. sinensis metacercariae in freshwater fish samples, and has no cross⁃reactions with M. orientalis, H. pumilio or C. formosanus metacercariae. Fluorescent RAA assay shows a higher accuracy for detection of C. sinensis infections in field⁃collected freshwater fish than the direct compression method. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Construction of an evaluation index system for the capability of comprehensive control of mountain⁃type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept LIU Jingshu, ZHOU Zhengbin, ZHANG Xiaoxi, HUANG Lulu, LUO Zhuowei, CHEN Shenglin, ZHANG Yi, LI Shizhu Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 545-556.   Abstract （157）      PDF（pc） （1162KB）（368）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To construct an evaluation index system for the capability of comprehensive control of mountain⁃type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept, so as to provide insights into the control and elimination of mountain⁃type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis using the One Health approach. Methods　A preliminary evaluation index system was constructed based on literature review, panel discussions and field surveys. Thirty⁃three experts were selected from 7 provincial disease control and prevention centers in Beijing Municipality, Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, Sichuan Province, Shaanxi Province and Gansu Province where mountain⁃type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis was endemic, and two rounds of expert consultations were conducted to screen the indicators. The positive coefficient, degree of concentration, degree of coordination, and authority of the experts were calculated, and the normalized weights of each index were calculated with the analytic hierarchy process. Results　The response rates of questionnaires during two rounds of expert consultation were both 100.00% (33/33), and the authority coefficients of the experts were 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. The coefficients of coordination among experts on the rationality, importance, and operability of the indicators were 0.392, 0.437, 0.258, and 0.364, 0.335, 0.263, respectively (all P values < 0.05). Following screening, the final evaluation index system included 3 primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 50 tertiary indicators. The normalized weights of primary indicators “external environment”, “internal support” and “comprehensive control” were 16.98%, 38.73% and 44.29%, respectively. Among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator “external environment”, the highest weight was seen for natural environment (66.67%), and among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator “internal support”, the lowest weight was seen for the scientific research for visceral leishmaniasis control (8.26%), while other indicators had weights of 12.42% to 13.38%. Among the secondary indicators of the primary indicator “comprehensive control”, the weight was 16.67% for each indicator. Conclusions　An evaluation index system has been constructed for the capability of comprehensive control of mountain⁃type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept. In addition to assessment of the effect of conventional mountain⁃type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis control measures, this index system integrates the importance of top⁃level design, organizational management, and implementation of control measures, and includes indicators related to multi⁃sectoral cooperation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of echinococcosis: a review CHEN Qing, LIU Chuanchuan, LI Caixia, ZHANG Boen, FAN Haining Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 398-406,412.   Abstract （156）      PDF（pc） （998KB）（283）       Knowledge map    Save Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with Echinococcus species. As the drug of first choice for treatment of echinococcosis, albendazole suffers from problems of large doses and remarkable adverse reactions in clinical therapy. Development of novel drugs against echinococcosis is of urgent need. Recently, great advances have been achieved in the research on traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of echinococcosis. This review summarizes the progress of researches on traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of echinococcosis, aiming to provide insights into development of anti⁃echinococcosis drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Construction of a surveillance and early warning index system for schistosomiasis transmission risk along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin JIANG Sanhong, WANG Liman, SUN Li, LIU Tao, LIU Yuwei, LIU Xiaoli Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 486-491.   Abstract （155）      PDF（pc） （919KB）（347）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To establish a surveillance and early warning index system for schistosomiasis transmission risk along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, so as to provide insights into creation of a sensitive and highly efficient surveillance and early warning system for schistosomiasis. Methods　National and international publications, documents, laws and regulations pertaining to schistosomiasis control were retrieved with keywords including schistosomiasis, surveillance, early warning and control interventions from 2008 to 2022, and a thematic panel discussion was held to preliminarily construct surveillance and early warning index system for schistosomiasis transmission risk along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. The index system was then comprehensively scored and screened using the Delphi method, and the weight of each index was determined using analytic hierarchy process and the modified proportional allocation method. In addition, the credibility of the Delphi method was evaluated using positive coefficient, authority coefficient, degree of concentration and degree of coordination of experts. Results　Following two rounds of expert consultation, a surveillance and early warning index system for schistosomiasis transmission risk in endemic areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin was preliminarily constructed, including 3 primary indicators, 9 secondary indicators and 41 tertiary indicators. The normalized weights of primary indicators epidemics, natural and social factors and comprehensive control were 0.639 8, 0.145 6 and 0.214 6, respectively, and among all secondary indicators, snail status (0.321 3) and schistosomiasis prevalence (0.318 5) had the highest combined weights, while social factors had the lowest combined weight (0.030 4). Of all tertiary indicators, human egg⁃positive rate (0.041 9), number of acute schistosomiasis cases (0.041 5), number of stool⁃positive bovine and sheep (0.041 1), and prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in free⁃ranging livestock (0.041 1) had the highest combined weights. During two rounds of consultation, the positive coefficient of experts was both 100%, and the authority coefficient was both 0.9 and greater, while the coordination coefficients were 0.338 to 0.441 and 0.426 to 0.565 ([χ2] = 22.875 to 216.524, both P values < 0.05). Conclusions　The established surveillance and early warning index system for schistosomiasis transmission risk along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin is of great scientific values and authority, which may provide insights into construction of the sensitive and highly efficient surveillance and early warning system for schistosomiasis in the context of low prevalence and low intensity of infection in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

High⁃quality acceleration of the Chinese national schistosomiasis elimination programme to advance the building of Healthy China XU Jing, WANG Qiang, YANG Kun, WEN Liyong, WANG Tianping, LIN Dandan, LIU Jianbing, ZHOU Jie, LIU Yang, DONG Yi, CAO Chunli, LI Shizhu, ZHOU Xiaonong Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2024, 36 (1): 1-6.   Abstract （152）      PDF（pc） （1403KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save The goal of achieving elimination of schistosomiasis across all endemic counties in China by 2030 was proposed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. On June 16, 2023, the Action Plan to Accelerate the Elimination of Schistosomiasis in China (2023—2030) was jointly issued by National Disease Control and Prevention Administration and other 10 ministries, which deployed the targets and key tasks of the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China. This article describes the progress of the national schistosomiasis control programme, analyzes the opportunities to eliminate schistosomiasis, and proposes targeted recommendations to tackle the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, so as to accelerate the process towards schistosomiasis elimination and facilitate the building of a healthy China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Quality of blood smear examinations for malaria parasites in Chenzhou City after malaria elimination ZHU Hanwu, HOU Xishuo, YANG Hui Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 497-500.   Abstract （150）      PDF（pc） （886KB）（227）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To analyze the quality of blood smear examinations for malaria parasites in Chenzhou City, so as to provide insights into sustainable consolidation of malaria elimination achievements. Methods　All positive blood smears from fever patients were irregularly sampled from each county (district) of Chenzhou City from 2018 to 2022 and reexamined, and no less than 3% negative blood smears were reexamined. The preparation, dyeing, cleanliness and microscopic examination results of blood smear were reexamined, and the quality of blood smear reexaminations was assessed using a descriptive statistical method. Results　A total of 13 625 fever patients received blood smear examinations for malaria parasites in Chenzhou City from 2018 to 2022, of which 21 were positive and 13 604 were negative; 687 blood samples were reviewed, and the percentage of negative blood smear reexaminations was 4.90% (666/13 604), with a 63.51% rate of qualified negative blood smears preparation, a 67.87% rate of qualified dyeing and a 76.13% rate of qualified cleanliness, and no missing diagnosis found. There were 21 positive blood smears reexamined, and the proportions of qualified blood smears preparation, dyeing and cleanliness were all 85.71%, with 2 smears mistaking Plasmodium species (9.52%). The percentage of qualified negative blood smears preparation was 51.41% in 2022, which reduced by 31.61% in relative to that (75.17%) in 2019 ([χ2] = 9.033, P < 0.05), and the percentage of qualified negative blood smears dyeing was 60.19% in 2022, which reduced by 28.82% in relative to that (84.56%) in 2019 ([χ2] = 19.498, P < 0.05), while the percentage of qualified negative blood smears cleanliness was 62.96% in 2022, which reduced by 28.93 in relative to that (88.59%) in 2019 ([χ2] = 23.826, P < 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the proportion of qualified negative blood smears preparation ([χ2] = 0.260, P > 0.05) or dyeing ([χ2] = 1.094, P > 0.05) among the three years, while a significant difference was detected in the percentage of qualified negative blood smears cleanliness ([χ2] = 12.175, P < 0.05). Conclusions　No missing diagnosis was seen in blood smear examinations for malaria parasites among fever patients in Chenzhou City after malaria elimination; however, there were reductions in proportions of qualified blood smears preparation, dyeing and cleanliness. Quality control of blood smear examinations is recommended to be reinforced in key regions of Chenzhou City. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Prevalence of Echinococcus infections in wild carnivores based on copro⁃DNA tests in Serthar County of Sichuan Province YANG Liu, YANG Yi, YU Wenjie, WANG Qian, ZHONG Bo, HUA Kaiqiong, LIU Yang, HUANG Yan Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 492-496.   Abstract （144）      PDF（pc） （945KB）（294）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in wild carnivores in Serthar County, Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control in local areas. Methods　Stool samples were collected from wild carnivores in Serthar County, Sichuan Province in May 2021, and the host sources of stool samples and Echinococcus infections were identified using PCR assays. The prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was estimated in different hosts. Results　A total of 583 stool samples were collected from wild carnivores, including 147 stool samples from fox, 154 from wolf, 227 from wild dogs and 11 from lynx. The overall prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was 5.68%, 0.19% and 14.20% in canine stool samples, and no E. granulosus infection was detected in fox stool samples, while the prevalence of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus infections was 0.68% and 47.62% in fox stool samples ([χ2] = 88.41, P < 0.001). No E. granulosus or E. shiquicus infection was detected in wolf stool samples, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis infection was 10.39% in wolf stool samples. The prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was 5.73%, 0.44% and 2.20% in canine stool samples ([χ2] = 12.13, P < 0.01). In addition, the prevalence of E. multilocularis infections was significantly higher in wolf stool samples than in canine and fox stool samples ([χ2] = 13.23, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of E. shiquicus infections was significantly higher in fox stool samples than in canine and wolf stool samples ([χ2] =187.01, P < 0.001). No Echinococcus infection was identified in 11 lynx stool samples. Conclusions　The prevalence of Echinococcus infections is high in wild canines in Serthar County, Sichuan Province. Wolf, wild dog and fox all participate in the wild life cycle of E. multilocularis in Serthar County, and wolf and wild dogs may play a more important role. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Construction of a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system in Wuhan City based on analytic hierarchy process ZUO Yuting, XU Mingxing, LI Yang, WANG Shuai, ZHOU Shuimao, LUO Huatang Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 374-378.   Abstract （143）      PDF（pc） （926KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To construct a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system in Wuhan City and preliminary evaluate its application effect, so as to promote the rational allocation of schistosomiasis control resources and accelerate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination. Methods　The schistosomiasis risk assessment indicators were collected through referring schistosomiasis surveillance data of Wuhan City from 2014 to 2020, literature review and expert interviews. Indicators within each criterion and sub⁃criterion were screened using the Delphi method, and a hierarchical structure model was created based on analytic hierarchy process. Quantitative assignment of each indicator was conducted according to relative importance, and the weight and combination weight of each criterion were calculated in each analytic hierarchy framework to create a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system, which was used for the schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment in 12 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Wuhan City. Results　A three⁃level schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system was preliminarily constructed, which included a target layer, 5 criterion layers and 21 sub⁃criterion layers. Of all indicators in the criterion layer, transmission route had the highest weight (0.433), followed by source of Schistosoma japonicum infection (0.294); and among all indicators in the sub⁃criterion layer, S. japonicum infection in Oncomelania hupensis and sentinel mice had the highest combination weight (0.125), followed by prevalence of S. japonicum infection in humans (0.091) and bovines (0.053), snail control by chemical treatment (0.049), positive rate of inquiry examinations (0.048), allocation of schistosomiasis control professionals (0.045), and areas of submerged snail⁃infested settings (0.041). Of the 12 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Wuhan City, there were 5 sites with weights of > 0.8, 4 sites with weights of 0.6 to 0.8, and 3 sites with weights of < 0.6 in 2020. Conclusion　A schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system has been constructed based on analytic hierarchy process in Wuhan City, which may provide a evidence⁃based basis for health resource allocation and decision⁃making for schistosomiasis control. 　 Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Spatial distribution of Oncomelania hupensis spread in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022 CHEN Yanyan, XIAO Ying, WEI Fenghua, YANG Junjing, DAI Lingfeng, ZHONG Chenhui, LIU Jianbing Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 349-357.   Abstract （140）      PDF（pc） （2526KB）（360）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To identify the spatial distribution pattern of Oncomelania hupensis spread in Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into precision O. hupensis snail control in the province. Methods　Data pertaining to emerging and reemerging snails were collected from Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022 to build a spatial database of O. hupensis snail spread. The spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread was identified using global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses, and the hot spots of snail spread were identified using kernel density estimation. In addition, the correlation between environments with snail spread and the distance from the Yangtze River was evaluated using nearest⁃neighbor analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results　O. hupensis snail spread mainly occurred along the Yangtze River and Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, with a total spread area of 4 320.63 hm2, including 1 230.77 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 3 089.87 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed spatial autocorrelation in the O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province in 2020 and 2021, appearing a spatial clustering pattern (Moran’s I = 0.003 593 and 0.060 973, both P values < 0.05), and the mean density of spread snails showed spatial aggregation in Hubei Province in 2020 (Moran’s I = 0.512 856, P < 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high⁃high clustering areas of spread snails were mainly distributed in 50 settings of 10 counties (districts) in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, and the high⁃high clustering areas of the mean density of spread snails were predominantly found in 219 snail habitats in four counties of Jiangling, Honghu, Yangxin and Gong’an. Kernel density estimation showed that there were high⁃, secondary high⁃ and medium⁃density hot spots in snail spread areas in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, which were distributed in Jingzhou District, Wuxue District, Honghu County and Huangzhou District, respectively. There were high⁃ and medium⁃density hot spots in the mean density of spread snails, which were located in Jiangling County, Honghu County and Yangxin County, respectively. In addition, the snail spread areas negatively correlated with the distance from the Yangtze River (r = –0.1089, P < 0.05). Conclusions　There was spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022. The monitoring and control of O. hupensis snails require to be reinforced in the clustering areas, notably in inner embankments to prevent reemerging schistosomiasis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Analysis and prediction of burden of viral hepatitis C⁃associated diseases in China from 1990 to 2044 ZHOU Mei, YAO Lixi, WU Yinlian, LIN Su, HUANG Jiaofeng Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 476-485.   Abstract （139）      PDF（pc） （1744KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To measure the burden of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases in China from 1990 to 2019, and to predict its changes from 2020 to 2044, so as to provide insights into formulation of the targeted hepatitis C control strategy. Methods 　The total burden due to hepatitis C⁃associated diseases in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019) data resources, and the trends in age⁃standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability⁃adjusted life years (DALYs) rate of hepatitis C⁃associated acute hepatitis C (AHC), chronic liver diseases (CLD) and liver cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 were evaluated in China from 1990 to 2019 using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). In addition, the changes in the burden of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases were predicted in China from 2020 to 2044 using a Bayesian model. Results　The prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALY rate of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases all appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in China from 1990 to 2019 (EAPC = −2.64%, −2.24%, −3.81% and −3.90%, respectively); however, there was a minor rise in the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases from 2015 to 2019. The overall prevalence of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases reduced from 2 152.7/105 in 1990 to 1 254.1/105 in 2019 in China, with a reduction of 41.7%. The overall incidence reduced from 87.9/105 in 1990 to 55.0/105 in 2019 in China, with a reduction of 37.4%, and the highest incidence was seen for AHC, followed by CLD and liver cancer. The overall mortality and DALYs rate of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases was 4.0/105 and 100.8/105 in China from 1990 to 2019, with CLD showing the largest contributions to the gross mortality and DALYs. The mortality and DALY rate of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases were 5.5/105 and 142.4/105 among men in China in 2019, which were both much higher than among women (2.8/105 and 60.3/105, respectively), and the overall prevalence (1 604.9/105), mortality (30.2/105) and DALYs (437.1/105) of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases were all highest among patients at ages of 70 years and older, and the highest incidence was seen among patients at ages of 0 to 9 years (167.3/105). The incidence of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases was predicted to rise in China from 2020 to 2044; however, the DALYs was projected to appear a tendency towards a decline. Conclusions　Although the burden of hepatitis C⁃associated diseases showed a tendency towards a decline in China from 1990 to 2019, the burden remained high, and was predicted to slightly rise from 2020 to 2044. High attention should be paid to screening of hepatitis C among infants and treatment among adults. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Effect of Echinococcus multilocularis infection on Tim3 expression in spleen natural killer cells of mice SHI Yang, ABIDAN Ainiwaer, LI Dewei, ZIBIGU Rousu, WANG Maoling, ZHENG Xuran, KANG Xuejiao, WANG Hui, LI Jing, ZHANG Chuanshan Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 366-373.   Abstract （138）      PDF（pc） （2074KB）（276）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the effect of Echinococcus multilocularis infection on Tim3 expression and its co⁃expression with immune checkpoint molecules 2B4 and LAG3 in spleen natural killer (NK) cells of mice. Methods　C57BL/6 mice, each weighing (20 ± 2) g, were randomly divided into a high⁃dose infection group (15 mice), a low⁃dose infection group (13 mice), and a control group (11 mice). Mice in the high⁃ and low⁃dose infection groups were inoculated with 2 000 and 50 Echinococcus multilocularis protoscolices via the hepatic portal vein, while animals in the control group was injected with an equivalent amount of physiological saline via the hepatic portal vein. Mouse spleen cells were harvested 12 and 24 weeks post⁃infection, and Tim3 expression and its co⁃expression with 2B4 and LAG3 in NK cells were detected using flow cytometry. Results　There were significant differences in the proportions of Tim3 expression (F = 13.559, P < 0.001) and Tim3 and 2B4 co⁃expression (F = 12.465, P < 0.001) in mouse spleen NK cells among groups 12 weeks post⁃infection with E. multilocularis, and the proportion of Tim3 expression was significantly higher in mouse spleen NK cells in the low⁃dose infection group [(23.84 ± 2.28)%] than in the high⁃dose infection group [(15.72 ± 3.67)%] and the control group [(16.14 ± 3.83)%] (both P values < 0.01), while the proportion of Tim3 and 2B4 co⁃expression was significantly higher in mouse spleen NK cells in the low⁃dose infection group [(22.20 ± 2.13)%] than in the high⁃dose infection group [(14.17 ± 3.81)%] and the control group [(15.20 ± 3.77)%] (both P values < 0.01). There were significant differences in the proportions of Tim3 expression (F = 5.243, P < 0.05) and Tim3 and 2B4 co⁃expression (F = 4.659, P < 0.05) in mouse spleen NK cells among groups 24 weeks post⁃infection with E. multilocularis infection, and the proportions of Tim3 expression and Tim3 and 2B4 co⁃expression were significantly lower in mouse spleen NK cells in the high⁃dose infection group [(20.55 ± 7.04)% and (20.98 ± 7.12)%] than in the control group [(31.38 ± 3.19)% and (31.25 ± 3.06)%] (both P values < 0.05), and there were no significantly difference between the proportions of Tim3 expression and Tim3 and 2B4 co⁃expression in splenic NK cells in the low⁃dose infection group [(26.80 ± 6.47)% and (26.48 ± 6.48)%]and the control group(both P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportions of Tim3 and LAG3 co⁃expression in mouse spleen NK cells among groups 12 (F = 2.283, P > 0.05) and 24 weeks post⁃infection (F = 0.375, P > 0.05). In the low⁃dose infection group, there were no significant differences in the proportions of Tim3 expression or Tim3 and 2B4 co⁃expression in mouse spleen NK cells 12 (t = −1.137, P > 0.05) or 24 weeks post⁃infection (t = −1.658, P > 0.05), and the proportion of Tim3 and LAG3 co⁃expression increased in mouse spleen NK cells 24 weeks post⁃infection relative to 12 weeks post⁃infection (t = −5.261, P < 0.01). In the high⁃dose infection group, there was no significant difference in the proportion of Tim3 expression in mouse spleen NK cells 12 and 24 weeks post⁃infection (t = −1.546, P > 0.05); however, the proportions of Tim3 co⁃expression with 2B4 and LAG3 increased in mouse splenic NK cells 24 weeks post⁃infection relative to 12 weeks post⁃infection (t = −2.425 and −4.745, both P values < 0.05). Conclusions　The Tim3 expression and Tim3 co⁃expression with LAG3 and 2B4 on spleen NK cells is affected by doses of E. multilocularis infection and disease stages, and present different phenotypes during the course of alveolar echinococcosis. NK cells tend to form an immunosuppressive phenotype with the progression of E. multilocularis infection, which facilitates immune escape and chronic parasitism of E. multilocularis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Species and population density of malaria vector Anopheles in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021 GONG Xi, WU Xiaohong, HUO Fang, YU Tao, GE Li, LIU Yang, LI Li Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 565-572.   Abstract （138）      PDF（pc） （2152KB）（419）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the distribution of malaria vector Anopheles in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021, so as to provide the scientific evidence for improving the surveillance of malaria vector Anopheles and preventing re⁃establishment of imported malaria in Sichuan Province. Methods　The density and species of Anopheles mosquitoes were investigated using human⁃bait trapping and light trapping techniques in malaria vector surveillance sites of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021. The number, population and density of captured Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and descriptively analyzed, and the geographical distribution map of malaria vectors was plotted using the software ArcGIS 10.7 in Sichuan Province. Results　A total of 152 243 Anopheles mosquitoes were captured in malaria vector surveillance sites of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021, including 150 987 An. sinensis (99.18%) and 1 256 An. anthropophagus (0.82%) ([χ2] = 5 938.92, P < 0.01), and no other Anopheles species were captured. The annual densities of An. sinensis and An. anthropophagus were 0.64 to 1.27 mosquitoes/(person⁃hour) and 0 to 0.07 mosquitoes/(person⁃hour) by the human⁃bait trapping technique, and 6.46 to 26.50 mosquitoes/(light⁃night) and 0 to 0.82 mosquitoes/(light⁃night) by the light trapping technique in malaria vector surveillance sites of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021. A relatively higher density of An. anthropophagus was seen in Renshou County, Jianyang City, Weiyuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous County ［> 0.40 mosquitoes/(person⁃hour)］ by the human⁃bait trapping technique, and in Cuiping District and Gaoxian County in Yibin City ［> 1.00 mosquito/(light⁃night)］ by the light trapping technique in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2018, with no An. anthropophagus captured from 2019 to 2021, and a relatively higher density of An. sinensis was detected in Emeishan City, Lushan County, Luojiang District, Tongchuan District and Zhaohua District ［> 4.00 mosquitoes/(person⁃hour)］ by the human⁃bait trapping technique, and in Huili County, Yuexi County, Dechang County, Langzhong City, Pingchang County and Xuanhan County ［> 40.00 mosquitoes/(light⁃night)］ by the light trapping technique in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021. Conclusions　Malaria vectors were still widespread in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021, and An. sinensis was the dominant species of malaria vectors. There is still a risk of local re⁃establishment of imported malaria in Sichuan Province, and it is needed to continue to improve the surveillance of imported malaria cases and malaria vectors. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Molecular epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed HIV⁃1 cases in Fujian Province in 2020 XIE Meirong, LIN Liying, WANG Zhenghua, QIU Yuefeng, LU Xiaoli, ZHANG Chunyang, WU Shouli Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 583-589.   Abstract （137）      PDF（pc） （1252KB）（311）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the HIV⁃1 genotype and distribution of newly diagnosed HIV⁃1 cases in Fujian Province in 2020, so as to provide insights into formulation of the precise AIDS control strategy in the province. Methods　Newly diagnosed HIV⁃1 cases without antiretroviral therapy (excluding AIDS patients) were randomly sampled from each city of Fujian Province in 2020 at a proportion of 50% of the mean number of HIV⁃infected cases reported across 9 cities of Fujian Province during the past three years. Subjects’ demographic and epidemiological data were collected and blood samples were collected. The HIV⁃1 pol gene was amplified using nested reverse⁃transcription PCR assay, and the gene sequences were used for HIV⁃1 genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. The gene sequences were uploaded to the HIV Drug Resistance Database (http://hivdb.stanford.edu) for genotypic drug resistance assays, and the scores and level of HIV drug resistance were estimated using the HIVDB Algorithm version 9.5. Results　A total of 1 043 newly diagnosed HIV⁃1 cases were reported in Fujian Province in 2020, and 936 gene sequences were successfully obtained following sequencing of blood samples. There were 9 HIV⁃1 genotypes characterized in blood samples from 936 newly diagnosed HIV⁃1 cases, with CRF07_BC (52.1%) and CRF01_AE (30.4%) as predominant subtypes, followed by CRF08_BC (4.9%), CRF55_01B (3.0%), subtype C (2.5%), subtype B (2.1%), CRF85_BC (1.7%), CRF59_01B (0.3%) and CRF65_CPX (0.1%), and unidentified subtypes were found in 26 blood samples. HIV⁃1 drug resistance was detected in 43 out of the 936 newly diagnosed HIV⁃1 cases, with 4.6% prevalence of HIV⁃1 drug resistance prior to therapy, and the highest drug resistance was found in the HIV CRF59_01B subtype, followed by in CRF08_BC, B, C, CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and other subtypes, with a significant difference in the genotype⁃specific prevalence of HIV⁃1 drug resistance ([χ2] = 45.002, P < 0.05). Conclusions　There was a HIV⁃1 genotype diversity in Fujian Province in 2020, and emerging recombinant and drug⁃resistant HIV⁃1 strains were detected and spread across patients and regions. Monitoring of HIV⁃1 genotypes is recommended to be reinforced for timely understanding of the transmission and spread of novel recombinant and drug⁃resistant HIV⁃1 strains. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Sequence analysis of Paragonimus internal transcribed spacer 2 and cyclooxygenase 1 genes in freshwater crabs in Henan Province CHEN Weiqi, JIANG Tiantian, DENG Yan, ZHANG Yalan, AI Lin, JI Penghui, WANG Dan Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (5): 501-507.   Abstract （137）      PDF（pc） （1195KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the sequences of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) genes of Paragonimus metacercariae in freshwater crabs in Henan Province, identify the species of Paragonimus and evaluate its genetic relationships with Paragonimus isolates from other provinces in China. Methods　Freshwater crabs were collected from 8 survey sites in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Nanyang and Jiyuan cities of Henan Province from 2016 to 2021, and Paragonimus metacercariae were detected in freshwater crabs. Genomic DNA was extracted from Paragonimus metacercariae, and the ITS2 and COX1 genes were amplified using PCR assay, followed by sequencing of PCR amplification products. The gene sequences were spliced and aligned using the software DNASTAR, and aligned with the sequences of Paragonimus genes in the GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were created using the MEGA6 software with the Neighbor⁃Joining method based on ITS2 and COX1 gene sequences, with Fasciola hepatica as the outgroup. Results　The detection rates of Paragonimus metacercariae were 6.83% (11/161), 50.82% (31/61), 18.52% (5/26), 8.76% (12/137), 14.29% (9/63), 17.76% (19/105), 18.50% (32/173) and 42.71% (41/96) in freshwater crabs from 8 survey sites in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Nanyang and Jiyuan cities of Henan Province, with a mean detection rate of 19.46% (160/822), and a mean infection intensity of 0.57 metacercariae/g. The amplified ITS2 and COX1 gene fragments of Paragonimus were approximately 500 bp and 450 bp in lengths, respectively. The ITS2 gene sequences of Paragonimus metacercariae from 8 survey sites of Henan Province showed the highest homology (99.8% to 100.0%) with the gene sequence of P. skrjabini (GenBank accession number: MW960209.1), and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Paragonimus in this study was clustered into the same clade with P. skrjabini from Sichuan Province (GenBank accession number: AY618747.1), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GenBank accession number: AY618729.1) and Hubei Province (GenBank accession number: AY618751.1), and P. miyazaki from Fujian Province (GenBank accession number: AY618741.1) and Japan (GenBank accession number: AB713405.1). The COX1 gene sequences of Paragonimus metacercariae from 8 survey sites of Henan Province showed the highest homology (90.0% to 100.0%) with the gene sequence of P. skrjabini (GenBank accession number: AY618798.1), and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Paragonimus in this study was clustered into the same clade with all P. skrjabini and clustered into the same sub⁃clade with P. skrjabini from Hubei Province (GenBank accession numbers: AY618782.1 and AY618764.1). Conclusions　Paragonimus species from freshwater crabs in Henan Province were all characterized as P. skrjabini, and the ITS2 and COX1 gene sequences had the highest homology to those of P. skrjabini from Hubei Province. The results provide insights into study of Paragonimus in Henan Province and China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

The first imported case of visceral leishmaniasis in Shenzhen City HUANG Yanfei, GAO Shitong, LI Yuan Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 424-426.   Abstract （136）      PDF（pc） （1127KB）（275）       Knowledge map    Save A patient with fever, chills, and pancytopenia as major clinical manifestations was presented. To investigate the cause, the patient’s peripheral blood was collected for pathogen screening using metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing (mNGS). The DNA sequence of Leishmania donovani was detected, and Leishmania amastigotes were found in bone marrow smears using microscopy. The case was therefore definitively diagnosed as visceral leishmaniasis, and was cured and discharged from hospital following treatment with liposomal amphotericin B for 14 days. This is the first imported case of visceral leishmaniasis since the founding of Shenzhen City in 1979. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia infection in common mosquito species in Henan Province LIU Yuting, WANG Dan, HE Zhiquan, QIAN Dan, LIU Ying, YANG Chengyun, LU Deling, ZHANG Hongwei Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 389-397.   Abstract （136）      PDF（pc） （1014KB）（283）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the infection and genotypes of Wolbachia in common mosquito species in Henan Province, so as to provide insights into management of mosquito⁃borne diseases. Methods　Aedes, Culex and Anopheles samples were collected from cowsheds, sheepfolds and human houses in Puyang, Nanyang City and Xuchang cities of Henan Province from July to September, 2022, and the infection of Wolbachia was detected. The 16S rDNA and wsp genes of Wolbachia were amplified and sequenced. Sequence alignment was performed using the BLAST software, and the obtained 16S rDNA gene sequence was compared with the sequence of the 16S rDNA gene in GenBank database. In addition, the phylogenetic trees were created based on 16S rDNA and wsp gene sequences using the software MEGA 11.0. Results　A total 506 female adult mosquitoes were collected from three sampling sites in Nanyang, Xuchang City and Puyang cities from July to September, 2022. The overall detection of Wolbachia was 45.1% (228/506) in mosquitoes, with a higher detection rate in A. albopictus than in Cx. pipiens pallens [97.9% (143/146) vs. 50.6% (85/168); [χ2] = 88.064, P < 0.01]. The detection of Wolbachia in Cx. pipiens pallens was higher in Xuchang City (96.8%, 62/64) than in Nanyang (15.6%, 7/45) and Puyang cities (27.1%, 16/59) ([χ2] = 89.950, P < 0.01). The homologies of obtained Wolbachia 16S rDNA and wsp gene sequences were 95.3% to 100.0% and 81.7% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on wsp gene sequences showed Wolbachia supergroups A and B in mosquito samples, with wAlbA and wMors strains in supergroup A and wPip and wAlbB strains in supergroup B. Wolbachia strain wAlbB infection was detected in A. albopictus in Puyang and Nanyang Cities, while Wolbachia strain wPip infection was identified in A. albopictus in Xuchang City. Wolbachia strain wAlbA infection was detected in Cx. pipiens pallens sampled from three cities, and one Cx. pipiens pallens was found to be infected with Wolbachia strain wMors in Nanyang City. Conclusions Wolbachia infection is commonly prevalent in Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens pallens from Henan Province, and Wolbachia strains wAlbB and wAlbA are predominant in Ae. albopictus, while wPip strain is predominant in Cx. pipiens pallens. This is the first report to present Wolbachia wMors strain infection in Cx. pipiens pallens in Henan Province. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Single⁃nucleotide polymorphisms of artemisinin resistance⁃related Pfubp1 and Pfap2mu genes in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea from 2018 to 2020 ZHANG Taichan, LIANG Xueyan, WEI Huagui, LIN Min, CHEN Jiangtao Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 557-564,572.   Abstract （133）      PDF（pc） （1213KB）（335）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of artemisinin resistance⁃related Pfubp1 and Pfap2mu genes in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, so as to to provide baseline data for the formulation of malaria control strategies in Bioko Island. Methods　A total of 184 clinical blood samples were collected from patients with P. falciparum malaria in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea from 2018 to 2020, and genomic DNA was extracted. The Pfubp1 and Pfap2mu gene SNPs of P. falciparum were determined using a nested PCR assay and Sanger sequencing, and the gene sequences were aligned. Results　There were 159 wild⁃type P. falciparum isolates (88.83%) from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, and 6 SNPs were identified in 20 Pfubp1⁃mutant P. falciparum isolates (11.17%), in which 4 non⁃synonymous mutations were detected, including E1516G, K1520E, D1525E, E1528D. There was only one Pfubp1gene mutation site in 19 Pfubp1⁃mutant P. falciparum isolates (95.00%), in which non⁃synonymous mutations accounted for 68.42% (13/19). D1525E and E1528D were identified as major known epidemic mutation sites in the Pfubp1 gene associated with resistance to artemisinin⁃based combination therapies (ACTs). At amino acid position 1525, there were 178 wild⁃type P. falciparum isolates (99.44%) and 1 mutant isolate (0.56%), with such a mutation site identified in blood samples in 2018, and at amino acid position 1528, there were 167 wild⁃type P. falciparum isolates (93.30%) and 12 mutant isolates (6.70%). The proportions of wild⁃type P. falciparum isolates were 95.72% (134/140), 79.25% (126/159) and 95.83% (161/168) in the target amplification fragments of the three regions in the Pfap2mu gene (Pfap2mu⁃inner1, Pfap2mu⁃inner2, Pfap2mu⁃inner3), respectively. There were 16 different SNPs identified in all successfully sequenced P. falciparum isolates), in which 7 non⁃synonymous mutations were detected, including S160N, K199T, A475V, S508G, I511M, L595F, and Y603H. There were 7 out of 43 Pfap2mu⁃mutant P. falciparum isolates (16.28%) that harbored only one gene mutation site, in which non⁃synonymous mutations accounted for 28.57% (2/7). For the known delayed clearance locus S160N associated with ACTs, there were 143 wild⁃type (89.94%) and 16 Pfap2mu⁃mutant P. falciparum isolates (10.06%). Conclusions　Both Pfubp1 and Pfap2mu gene mutations were detected in P. falciparum isolates from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea from 2018 to 2020, with a low prevalence rate of Pfubp1 gene mutation and a high prevalence rate of Pfap2mu gene mutation. In addition, new mutation sites were identified in the Pfubp1 (E1504E and K1520E) and Pfap2mu genes (A475V and S508G). Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Quantitative analysis of risk assessment indicators for re⁃introduction of imported malaria in China CHAI Liying, CAO Yuanyuan, ZHAO Li, LIU Kaixuan, CHONG Zeyin, LU Yan, ZHU Guoding, CAO Jun, LU Guangyu Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 604-613.   Abstract （132）      PDF（pc） （2687KB）（344）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To quantitatively analyze the risk indicators of re⁃introduction of imported malaria in China and their weighting coefficients, so as to investigate the difference in the contribution of risk indicators included in the current risk assessment framework for re⁃introduction of imported malaria in China to the risk assessment of re⁃introduction of imported malaria. Methods　Publications pertaining to the risk assessment framework for re⁃introduction of imported malaria in China that reported the risk indicators and their weighting coefficients were retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP with terms of “malaria”, “re⁃introduction/re⁃transmission/re⁃establishment”, “risk assessment/risk evaluation/risk prediction” from the inception of the database through 3 August 2023, and literature search was performed in Google Scholar to ensure the comprehensiveness of the retrieval. Basic characteristics of included studies were extracted using pre⁃designed information extraction forms by two investigators, and data pertaining to risk indicators of re⁃introduction of imported malaria were cross⁃checked by these two investigators. The risk indicators included in the risk assessment framework for re⁃introduction of imported malaria in China and their weighting coefficients were visualized with the Nightingale’s rose diagrams using the software R 4.2.1, and the importance of risk indictors was evaluated with the frequency of risk indicators included in the risk assessment framework and the ranking of weighting coefficients of risk indicators. In addition, the capability of risk indicators screened by different weighting methods was compared by calculating the ratio of the maximum to the minimum of the weighting coefficients of the risk indicators screened by different weighting methods. Results　A total of 2 138 publications were retrieved, and following removal of duplications and screening, a total of 8 publications were included in the final analysis. In these 8 studies, 8 risk assessment frameworks for re⁃introduction of imported malaria in China and 52 risk indicators of re⁃introduction of imported malaria were reported, in which number of imported malaria cases (n = 8) and species of malaria vectors were more frequently included in the risk assessment frameworks (n = 8), followed by species of imported malaria parasites (n = 6) and population density of local malaria vectors (n = 6), and species of local malaria vectors (n = 6), number of imported malaria cases (n = 5) and species of imported malaria parasites had the three highest weighting coefficients (n = 4). The weighting methods included expert scoring method, combination of expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process, and combination of expert scoring method and entropy weight method in these 8 studies, and the ratios of the maximum to the minimum of the weighting coefficients of the risk indicators screened by the expert scoring method were 1.143 to 2.241, while the ratios of the maximum to the minimum of the weighting coefficients of the risk indicators screened by combination of the expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process were 34.970 to 162.000. Conclusions　Number of imported malaria cases, species of imported malaria parasites, species of local malaria vectors and population density of local malaria vectors are core indicators in the current risk assessment framework for re⁃introduction of imported malaria in China. Combination of the expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process is superior to the expert scoring method alone for weighting the risk indicators. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Comparison of the efficiency of different etiological assays for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild mice XU Xiaojuan, CHEN Xuefeng, WU Fan, WU Chenyang, LIU Ting, DAI Bo, WANG Tianping, ZHANG Shiqing Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 573-582,589.   Abstract （131）      PDF（pc） （1200KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To compare the efficiency of multiple etiological techniques for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild mice, so as to provide technical supports to assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk. Methods　Wild mice were captured with baited traps at night in Oncomelania hupensis snail⁃infested settings in schistosomiasis⁃endemic foci of Anhui Province from October to November, 2022. S. japonicum infections were detected in wild mice using microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mouse mesenteric tissues, microscopy of mouse liver tissue homogenates, miracidial hatching test of mouse liver tissue homogenates, Kato⁃Katz technique and miracidial hatching test of mouse stool samples alone and in combinations. Identification of S. japonicum eggs or miracidia by any of these six assays was defined as an infection. The sensitivity of six assays alone or in combinations was compared for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Results　A total of 1 703 wild mice were captured, with 366 wild mice detected positive for S. japonicum (21.49%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild mice by six assays (Q = 529.33, P < 0.001) and in the sensitivity of six assays for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice ([χ2] = 527.78, P < 0.001). In addition, the combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and mesenteric tissues, combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and liver tissue homogenates and combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mesenteric tissues, microscopy of liver tissue homogenates and Kato⁃Katz technique showed 86.61%, 87.16% and 97.27% sensitivities for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice, respectively. Conclusions　Diverse etiological assays show various efficiencies for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and microscopy of mesenteric tissues, and combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and microscopy of liver tissue homogenates are potential approaches for field detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Practice and development of schistosomiasis control culture in China: A case of Jiangxi Province WU Changming, GE Jun, LIN Dandan Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 641-645.   Abstract （131）      PDF（pc） （913KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save Schistosomiasis control is not only a disease control programme, but also a great social practice activity in China. During the evolution of national schistosomiasis control programmes, the special schistosomiasis control culture has been cultivated and developed, which contains the spiritual connotation of government⁃led, people⁃oriented, respect for science and integration of all efforts. The publication of Chairman Mao Zedong’s two poems entitled “Farewell to the God of Plague” and the postscript in 1958 was a sign for the formation and development of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture, which always lead the orientation of development and practice of schistosomiasis control culture building. The schistosomiasis control culture provide powerful spiritual motivation and supports to schistosomiasis control programmes in China, and improving the building of schistosomiasis control culture is of great significance to strengthen our belief in achieving the goal of schistosomiasis elimination, mobilize all social resources, accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis and facilitate the high⁃quality development of healthcare services. Chinese schistosomiasis control spirit is the refinement from the cultural connotation of the long⁃term schistosomiasis control programmes in China, and is the most essential and concentrated embodiment of the schistosomiasis control culture. This article describes the great significance of two poems entitled “Farewell to the God of Plague”, summarizes the connotation and role of schistosomiasis control spirit, and introduces the practice, development and innovation of schistosomiasis control culture building in Jiangxi Province. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Experimental study on the molluscicidal activity of surfactin against Oncomelania hupensis YANG Cheng, TANG Xingli, PAN Zhongwu Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 394-397.   Abstract （130）      PDF（pc） （950KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To evaluate the molluscicidal activity of surfactin against Oncomelania hupensis, so as to provide the experimental basis for use of Bacillus for killing O. hupensis. Methods　O. hupensis snails were collected from schistosomiasis⁃endemic foci of Wuhu City on September 2022, and Schistosoma japonicum⁃infected snails were removed. Then, 60 snails were immersed in surfactin at concentrations of 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 mg/mL and 0.062 5 mg/mL for 24, 48, 72 hours at 26 ℃, while ultrapure water⁃treated snails served as controls. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of surfactin against O. hupensis snails was estimated. O. hupensis snails were immersed in surfactin at a concentration of 24 h LC50 and ultrapure water, and then stained with propidium iodide (PI). The PI uptake in haemocyte was observed in O. hupensis snails using fluorescence microscopy. Results　The mortality of O. hupensis was 5.0% following immersion in surfactin at a concentration of 0.062 5 mg/mL for 24 h, and the mortality was 100.0% following immersion in surfactin at a concentration of 2 mg/mL for 72 h, while no snail mortality was observed in the control group. There were significant differences in the mortality of O. hupensis in each surfactin treatment groups at 24 ([χ]2 = 180.150, P < 0.05), 48 h ([χ]2 = 176.786, P < 0.05) and 72 h ([χ]2 = 216.487, P < 0.05), respectively. The average mortality rates of O. hupensis were 38.9% (140/360), 62.2% (224/360) and 83.3% (300/360) 24, 48 h and 72 h post⁃immersion in surfactin, respectively ([χ]2 = 150.264, P < 0.05), and the 24, 48 h and 72 h LC50 values of surfactin were 0.591, 0.191 mg/mL and 0.054 mg/mL against O. hupensis snails. Fluorescence microscopy showed more numbers of haemocytes with PI uptake in 0.5 mg/mL surfactin⁃treated O. hupensis snails than in ultrapure water⁃treated snails for 24 h, and there was a significant difference in the proportion of PI uptake in haemocytes between surfactin⁃and ultrapure water⁃treated snails ([χ]2 = 6.690, P < 0.05). Conclusion　Surfactin is active against O. hupensis snails, which may be associated with the alteration in the integrity of haemocyte membrane. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Bioinformatics analysis of the RNA binding protein DDX39 of Toxoplasma gondii YANG Zhenke, WANG Jinghui, QI Yiming, TIAN Xiaowei, MEI Xuefang, ZHANG Zhenchao, WANG Shuai Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (4): 358-365,373.   Abstract （123）      PDF（pc） （2056KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To analyze the RNA binding protein of Toxoplasma gondii (TgDDX39) using bioinformatics technology, and to evaluate the immunogenicity of TgDDX39, so as to provide insights into development of toxoplasmosis vaccines. Methods　The amino acid sequences of TgDDX39 were retrieved from the ToxoDB database, and the physicochemical properties, transmembrane structure domain, signal peptide sites, post⁃translational modification sites, coils, secondary and tertiary structures, hydrophobicity, and antigenic epitopes of the TgDDX39 protein were predicted using online bioinformatics tools, incluiding ProtParam, TMHMM 2.0, SignalP 5.0, NetPhos 3.1, COILS, SOPMA, Phyre2, ProtScale, ABCpred, SYFPEITHI and DNASTAR. Results　TgDDX39 protein was predicted to be an unstable hydrophilic protein with the molecular formula of C2173H3458N598O661S18, which contained 434 amino acids and had an estimated molecular weight of 49.1 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.55. The protein was predicted to have an extremely low possibility of signal peptides, without transmembrane regions, and contain 27 phosphorylation sites. The β turn and random coils accounted for 39.63% of the secondary structure of the TgDDX39 protein, and a coiled helix tended to produce in one site. In addition, the TgDDX39 protein contained multiple B and T cell antigenic epitopes. Conclusions　Bioinformatics analyses predict that TgDDX39 protein has high immunogenicity and contains multiple antigenic epitopes. TgDDX39 protein is a potential candidate antigen for vaccine development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Tracking evaluation on the implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017) in Sichuan and Anhui provinces WAN Jiajia, YU Chenghang, WANG Nannan, PU Chen, ZHANG Yu, LIU Daohua, CAO Zhiguo, ZHENG Bin, LIU Yang Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control    2023, 35 (6): 638-640,650.   Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （920KB）（328）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017) in schistosomiasis⁃endemic foci, two schistosomiasis⁃endemic counties were selected from two provinces of Sichuan and Anhui. Professional staff working in province⁃, city⁃, county⁃ and township⁃level disease control and prevention institutions, parasitic disease control institutions or medical institutions were recruited, and the understanding, use and implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017) were investigated using questionnaires and interviews. The awareness, use, proportion of propagation and implementation and correct rate of answering questions pertaining to Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017) were analyzed. A total of 270 questionnaires were allocated, and 269 were recovered, including 254 valid questionnaires. The overall awareness of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017) was 84.64% (215/254), and propagation and implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017) was not performed in 23.28% (17/73) of the survey institutions following implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017), with meeting training and allocation of propagation materials as the main type of propagation and implementation. Among 254 respondents, 77.16% (196/254) were familiar with the standard, 66.14% (168/254) understood the conditions for use of the standard during snail surveys, and 96.85% (246/254) had the approach for identifying snails. In addition, there were 41.73% (106/254), 50.78% (129/254) and 7.48% (19/254) of respondents that considered the operability of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017) was very good, good and general, respectively. The findings demonstrate that the issue and implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563—2017) has filled the gap for the standardization of snail control techniques, and which plays an importang guiding role in the national schistosomiasis control program. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）