Abstract: Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing fatal Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) among immunocompromised patients. Conventional pathogen detection methods have limitations, which hinders early diagnosis and treatment of PJP, resulting in misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis, and high mortality rates. Metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing (mNGS), which is high in sensitivity and specificity for pathogen detection, enables accurate detection of P. jirovecii and P. jirovecii co⁃infection with other pathogens, which facilitates timely diagnosis and treatment of PJP. This review summarizes the advances in mNGS technology and its application in diagnosis of PJP, highlighting its critical clinical value in improving diagnostic effectiveness, guiding clinical therapy, and preventing nosocomial transmission of PJP.

Key words: Pneumocystis jirovecii, Metagenomic next?generation sequencing, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, Infection diagnosis, Application progress

摘要： 耶氏肺孢子菌是引起免疫功能低下患者发生致命耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎（Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia，PJP）的机会致病性真菌，传统病原学检测手段存在一定局限性，可能导致误诊、漏诊，影响PJP的早期诊治。宏基因组测序技术（metagenomics next⁃generation sequencing，mNGS）检测灵敏度和特异度高，能准确检测耶氏肺孢子菌及混合感染病原体，有助于PJP的及时诊断与治疗。本文综述了mNGS及其在PJP诊断中的应用进展，并探讨了其在PJP诊断、临床治疗以及预防院内传播方面的重要临床价值。

关键词: 耶氏肺孢子菌, 宏基因组测序技术, 肺孢子菌肺炎, 感染诊断, 应用进展