Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, has recently rapidly spread across the world, which poses a huge threat to public health. Chikungunya fever (CHIKF), caused by CHIKV infection, typically manifests as acute febrile illness with severe polyarthralgia that may persist for months to years. A few severe CHIKF cases may be accompanied by serious neurological complications, even resulting in death. The accelerating global expansion of CHIKV is closely associated with genetic variations of the virus, and mutated genes in CHIKV may augment the virus adaptability to Aedes vectors and transmission efficiency. Currently, the diagnosis of the CHIKV infection primarily relies on molecular and serological assays; however, there are still multiple challenges for early and differential diagnosis of CHIKV infections due to co⁃infections with arboviruses and nonspecific early symptoms. The first prophylactic vaccine for CHIKF has been recently approved in the United States; however, the large⁃scale application still awaits further validations. More importantly, there are no licensed antiviral therapies against CHIKV until now. This review describes the structure and pathogenesis of CHIKV, summarizes the latest epidemiology and advances in the diagnosis of CHIKV infections, and depicts the current status and prospects of antiviral agents and vaccine development, so as to inform evidence⁃based prevention and control strategies. 

Key words: Chikungunya virus, Chikungunya fever, Epidemic trend, Diagnostic technology, Vaccine

摘要： 基孔肯雅病毒（Chikungunya virus，CHIKV）主要经白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊传播，近年来在全球范围内快速扩张，对公共卫生构成重大威胁。CHIKV感染可导致基孔肯雅热（Chikungunya fever，CHIKF），其特征性临床表现为突发高热和严重关节疼痛，可持续数月甚至数年之久，少数重症患者可伴随严重神经系统并发症，甚至导致死亡。CHIKV的全球加剧传播与遗传变异密切相关，其变异基因可增强病毒在传播媒介伊蚊体内的适应性和传播效率。目前可通过分子生物学检测和血清学检测来诊断CHIKV感染，但由于CHIKV混合感染、早期感染的临床表现与其他虫媒病毒感染相似等原因，CHIKV感染的早期诊断和鉴别诊断仍面临严峻挑战。全球首款CHIKF预防性疫苗已于近期在美国获批，但其大规模应用尚需进一步验证，且迄今尚无获批的抗病毒治疗方案。本文综述了CHIKV的结构及致病机制，CHIKV感染的最新流行态势、诊断技术研究进展，以及抗病毒药物及疫苗研发现状与前景，旨在为制定有效的疾病防控策略提供参考。

关键词: 基孔肯雅病毒, 基孔肯雅热, 流行态势, 诊断技术, 疫苗