Abstract: This paper systematically analyzes schistosomiasis transmission risks during the elimination stage and reviews the evolution of the schistosomiasis surveillance system in China from a One Health perspective, with a special emphasis on schistosomiasis surveillance and response practices during the elimination stage from a One Health perspective. These practices include precise screening of human schistosomiasis under low⁃endemicity conditions, systematic monitoring of schistosomiasis in domestic and wild animals, ecological management of Oncomelania snails, and information⁃coordinated responses. Nevertheless, the current surveillance and response system for schistosomiasis suffers from challenges of insufficient cross⁃sectoral coordination and complex external environments, which constrain precise schistosomiasis surveillance and response in China. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to integrate coordination mechanisms, empower the surveillance system with technological innovation, improve capacity building, and actively promote diverse social participation in the One Health framework, so as to consolidate current schistosomiasis control achievements and achieve the target for schistosomiasis elimination across China, which may provide a replicable technical model for global zoonoses control.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Elimination stage, One Health, Surveillance?response, System optimization

摘要： 本文基于全健康（One Health）视角，系统梳理了我国血吸虫病消除阶段面临的风险，回溯了我国血吸虫病监测体系的演进历程，重点阐述了全健康视角下血吸虫病消除阶段的监测与响应实践，即在低流行背景下开展人群精准筛查、家畜及野生动物系统化监测、钉螺生态管控和信息联动响应处置。然而，当前我国血吸虫病监测响应体系面临技术瓶颈制约精准监测与处置，跨部门协同深度不够，外部环境复杂等多重挑战。为此，亟需以全健康理念为指引，整合协同机制，应用科学技术赋能监测体系，强化能力建设，并积极推动社会多元参与。通过上述优化路径，以巩固现有防治成果，全面实现血吸虫病消除目标，并为全球人兽共患病防控提供可复制的技术范式。 

关键词: 血吸虫病, 消除阶段, 全健康, 监测响应, 体系优化