Abstract: Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is widely prevalent across the world. The life cycle of T. gondii involves definitive hosts (cats and felines), intermediate hosts (humans, livestock, and wild animals), and the environment (such as soil and water). The One Health concept brings together the health of humans, animals, and the environment, with aims to pursue the optimal health outcomes through coordinated management. Management of toxoplasmosis from a One Health perspective may provide key insights into formulation of interventions for toxoplasmosis control. This article reviews the complex biological characteristics and life cycle of T. gondii, as well as the importance of felines as definitive hosts in the transmission of toxoplasmosis, analyzes the epidemiology, ecological impact and economic burden of toxoplasmosis, and discusses the bottlenecks in diagnostic and monitoring systems, environmental management technologies, and One Health interdisciplinary collaboration. In addition, toxoplasmosis control strategies are proposed based on the One Health concept, covering public health interventions, management of animal sources, multi⁃sector collaboration, and development of novel vaccines. These strategies provide insights into interruption of toxoplasmosis transmission and maintenance of the global public health security.

Key words: Toxoplasmosis, One Health, Zoonosis, Control strategy

摘要： 弓形虫病是由专性细胞内寄生原虫弓形虫引发的人兽共患病，呈全球分布，其生活史需要终末宿主（猫及猫科动物）、中间宿主（人类、家畜和野生动物）以及环境（如土壤和水体）共同参与。全健康（One Health）理念将人类、动物和环境的健康视为一体，通过协同管理追求最佳健康结果。以全健康视角审视弓形虫病，可为制定干预策略提供关键线索。本文回顾了弓形虫复杂的生物学特性、生活史及猫科动物作为终末宿主在其传播中的重要性，分析了弓形虫病流行情况及其生态学影响和经济负担，讨论了弓形虫在诊断监测体系、环境治理技术、全健康跨学科合作等方面存在的瓶颈，进一步提出基于全健康理念的弓形虫病防控路径，涵盖公共卫生干预、动物源管理、多部门协作和新型疫苗研发等方面，旨在为遏制弓形虫病传播与维护全球公共卫生安全提供参考。

关键词: 弓形虫病, 全健康, 人兽共患病, 防控策略