Abstract: Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses globally, which poses serious threats to both global public health and development of animal husbandry. Conventional brucellosis control measures suffer problems of surveillance coordination, regional joint prevention, and policy implementation, which are insufficient to address the challenges of ecological risks and cross⁃host transmission. The One Health approach allocates interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations to achieve systemic health of humans, animals, and environments, which provides new insights into brucellosis control programmes. This review describes the pathogenic biological characteristics, global epidemiological landscape, and transmission ecology of brucellosis, evaluates the main limitations of current control strategies, summarizes the experiences from successful One Health practices across countries at different stages of development, and proposes the brucellosis control strategy based on the One Health concept with adaptations to the current epidemiology of brucellosis in China, so as to provide the theoretical evidence and practical framework for the national brucellosis control programmes in China, thereby facilitating the effective control and the ultimate elimination of brucellosis.

Key words: Brucellosis, Brucella spp., One Health, Control strategy

摘要： 布鲁氏菌病（以下简称“布病”）是分布最广的人兽共患病之一，严重影响全球公共健康和畜牧业发展。该病的传统防控模式在监测协同、区域联防及政策执行等方面存在不足，难以应对生态风险及其病原的跨宿主传播。全健康（One Health）主张跨学科、跨部门协作，实现人、动物与环境的整体健康，为布病防控提供了新思路。本文梳理了布病的病原生物学特征、全球流行格局及传播生态，评估了当前防控模式的主要局限，归纳了不同发展水平国家在全健康实践中的经验，并结合我国流行现状提出了基于全健康理念的防控策略，旨在为我国布病防控提供理论参考与实践框架，从而推动其有效控制与最终净化。

关键词: 布鲁氏菌病, 布鲁氏菌, 全健康, 防控策略