Abstract: Balamuthia mandrillaris amebic encephalitis is a rare but highly fatal parasitic disease in the central nervous system caused by amebae infections. This disease is characterized by complex, diverse and non⁃specific clinical manifestations and high difficulty in diagnosis, resulting in a high likelihood of missing diagnosis and misdiagnosis. This article presents the diagnosis and treatment of a child with definitive diagnosis B. mandrillaris amebic encephalitis as revealed by metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluids, so as to provide insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment of B. mandrillaris amebic encephalitis.

Key words: Balamuthia mandrillaris amebic encephalitis, Cerebrospinal fluid, Metagenomic next?generation sequencing, Children

摘要： 狒狒巴拉姆希阿米巴脑炎（Balamuthia mandrillaris amebic encephalitis，BAE）是一种由阿米巴原虫感染中枢神经系统引起的罕见但致死率高的寄生虫病，该病临床表现复杂多样且缺乏特异性，诊断难度较大，易导致误诊误治。本文报道了1例经脑脊液宏基因组二代测序（metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing，mNGS）确诊的BAE患儿的诊治过程，旨在为该病临床诊疗提供参考。

关键词: 狒狒巴拉姆希阿米巴脑炎, 脑脊液, 宏基因组二代测序, 儿童