Abstract: Sichuan Province is a hilly schistosomiasis⁃endemic province in China with the highest endemicity and largest coverage. During the period of more than 70 years of integrated control, there are five distinct phases of schistosomiasis control in Sichuan Province, including baseline investigation, Oncomelania hupensis snail control, chemotherapy for both humans and livestock, management of source of Schistosoma japonicum infections, and sustained control and intensified surveillance and early warning, and a package of key interventions are implemented, including environmental modification, snail control with chemical treatment, large⁃scale chemotherapy for humans and livestock, management of source of S. japonicum infections, intensified integrated control, establishment of an early warning and surveillance system. As a result, schistosomiasis has been eliminated across all 63 disease⁃endemic counties (cities, districts) in Sichuan Province by June 2025. Government⁃led multi⁃sectoral collaborations, science and technology⁃supported precision control strategies, and a sustainable control model tailored to the ecological and socio⁃economic conditions in endemic regions are essential to achieving the target of schistosomiasis elimination in Sichuan Province.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Control history, Sichuan Province

摘要： 四川省是我国流行程度最重、范围最大的山丘型血吸虫病流行省，经过长达70余年的系统防治，历经调查摸底、消灭钉螺、人畜化疗、持续传染源控制和强化监测预警5个防治阶段，采取了环境改造、药物灭螺、大规模人畜化疗、控制传染源、强化综合治理、预警监测体系构建等关键措施。截至2025年6月，全省11个流行市（州）63个流行县（市、区）全部达到消除标准。该省血吸虫病防治实践表明，政府主导的多部门协同、科技支撑下的精准防控策略，以及适应流行区生态与社会经济特点的可持续防控模式，是实现血吸虫病消除目标的根本保障。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 防治历程, 四川省