Abstract: To understand the progress of, summarize experiences from, and analyze problems in the national schistosomiasis elimination programme, this article presented the national schistosomiasis epidemiology and surveillance in the People's Republic of China in 2025. By the end of 2025, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region maintained the achievement of schistosomiasis elimination, and 7 provinces of Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangxi remained at the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission interruption. In 2025, there were 450 counties (cities, districts), 3 203 townships and 26 029 villages endemic for schistosomiasis in China, with a total population of 73.598 million in endemic villages. Among the 450 endemic counties (cities, districts), 421 (93.56%) achieved thecriteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 29 (6.44%) reached the criteria of transmission interruption. In 2025, a total of 3 630 874 residents received immunological tests for schistosomiasis across endemic areas in China, with 31 588 seropositives identified (seroprevalence, 0.87%), and a total of 154 293 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 5 egg⁃positives detected. A total of 26 688 advanced schistosomiasis cases were recorded in China by the end of 2025. Of 529 683 bovines raised in schistosomiasis⁃endemic villages in China in 2025, 101 637 bovines received immunological tests for schistosomiasis, with 183 seropositives detected (seroprevalence, 0.18%), and 165 654 bovines received parasitological examinations, with no egg⁃positives identified. In 2025, Oncomelania hupensis snail survey was performed covering an area of 667 524.82 hm2 in China, and 176 378.64 hm2 O. hupensis snail habitats were identified, including 123.77 hm2 emerging O. hupensis snail habitats and 953.71 hm2 re⁃emerging O. hupensis snail habitats. A total of 19 283 schistosomiasis cases received chemotherapy with praziquantel in China in 2025, and 477 450 person⁃times and 304 279 herd⁃times received expanded chemotherapy, respectively. In addition, O. hupensis snail control with chemical treatment covered 116 475.10 hm2 snail habitats across China in 2025, with an actual area with chemical control covering 68 510.93 hm2 and an area with environmental improvements covering 1 101.84 hm2. The national schistosomiasis surveillance results indicated that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections was both 0 among humans and bovines in 2025, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in O. hupensis snails. These data showed that the prevalence of schistosomiasis remained low in China in 2025; however, the area of O. hupensis snail habitats stayed high, with an increase in emerging and re⁃emerging O. hupensis snail habitats. It is recommended to improve the surveillance and forecast mechanism for schistosomiasis and precisely implement the O. hupensis snail control programme in high⁃risk areas. 

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Endemic status, Surveillance, China

摘要： 为了解全国血吸虫病消除工作进展、总结防治经验及分析现存问题，本文对2025年全国血吸虫病疫情和监测结果进行描述分析。截至2025年底，全国12个血吸虫病流行省（自治区、直辖市）中，上海市、广东省、广西壮族自治区、福建省和浙江省继续巩固血吸虫病消除成果，江苏省、四川省、云南省、湖北省、湖南省、安徽省和江西省维持血吸虫病传播阻断标准。2025年，全国共有450个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）、3 203个流行乡（镇）、26 029个流行村，流行村总人口7 359.80万人；450个流行县（市、区）中，421个（93.56%）达到血吸虫病消除标准、29个（6.44%）达到传播阻断标准。2025年，全国血吸虫病流行区累计开展居民血吸虫病免疫学检查3 630 874例，阳性31 588例，阳性率为0.87%；累计开展病原学检查154 293例，阳性5例；全国尚存晚期血吸虫病患者26 688例。2025年，全国血吸虫病流行村现有存栏牛529 683头，累计开展免疫学检查101 637头，阳性183头，阳性率为0.18%；累计开展病原学检查165 654头，未发现阳性。2025年，全国累计开展钉螺调查667 524.82 hm2，查出钉螺面积176 378.64 hm2，其中新发现钉螺面积123.77 hm2、复现钉螺面积953.71 hm2。2025年，全国累计治疗血吸虫病患者19 283例，人群病原学扩大治疗477 450例·次，牛病原学扩大治疗304 279头·次；累计开展药物灭螺116 475.10 hm2，实际药物灭螺68 510.93 hm2，环境改造灭螺1 101.84 hm2。2025年全国血吸虫病监测结果显示，人、畜血吸虫感染率均为0，未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示，2025年全国血吸虫病疫情稳定在低水平，但钉螺面积居高不下，新发现和复现钉螺面积均有所上升；需完善血吸虫病监测预警机制，精准落实重点地区螺情防控。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 疫情, 监测, 中国