Abstract: The frequent extreme climatic events post multifaceted impacts on the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in the context of global climate change. This article systematically reviews the effects of four types of extreme climatic events, including floods, droughts, heat waves, and cold waves, on the survival, reproduction, and distribution of Oncomelania hupensis. Floods may expand suitable snail habitats, and increase both emerging and re⁃emerging snail habitats; however, the impact of floods on O. hupensis density is characterized by a lag effect of a decline followed by a rise. Droughts may cause fragmentation of suitable O. hupensis snail habitats, reduced O. hupensis snail egg production rates, and increased O. hupensis snail mortality, and heat waves may cause an increase in O. hupensis snail mortality, a reduction in numbers of O. hupensis snail populations and shrinking of O. hupensis snail distribution, while cold waves may cause a reduction in O. hupensis snail density and a rise in O. hupensis snail mortality. Extreme climate events pose both short⁃ and long⁃term effects on the distribution of O. hupensis. Intensified surveillance of O. hupensis snails is required in high⁃risk environments.

Key words: Oncomelania hupensis, Schistosoma japonicum, Extreme climate, Flood, Drought, Heat wave, Cold wave

摘要： 在全球气候变化背景下，极端气候事件频发对日本血吸虫中间宿主——钉螺的分布产生多方面影响。本文系统综述了洪涝、干旱、高温和寒潮4类极端气候对钉螺生存、繁殖及分布的影响。洪涝可扩大钉螺适宜生境、增加其新发和复现面积，但对钉螺密度的影响表现出先下降后回升的迟滞效应；干旱可导致钉螺适宜生境分散、产卵率下降和死亡率上升；高温可导致钉螺死亡率上升、种群数量减少以及分布范围缩小；寒潮可导致钉螺密度下降和死亡率上升。极端气候对钉螺分布的影响具有短期及长期效应，需进一步加强重点环境钉螺监测工作。

关键词: 钉螺, 日本血吸虫, 极端气候, 洪涝, 干旱, 高温, 寒潮