Abstract: Babesiosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by tick⁃borne Babesia species. Currently, more than 100 species of Babesia have been characterized, including at least 4 species that may infect humans. Babesiosis is prevalent across the world, and humans are commonly susceptible to babesiosis. The incidence of babesiosis appears an obvious seasonal distribution, and peaks in summer and autumn. Recently, the number of reported babesiosis cases has increased year by year with the improvement of diagnostic and monitoring capabilities, and the range of animal hosts has continued to expand. However, effective prevention and control of babesiosis remain challenging because of the lack of highly effective specific drugs and available vaccines. This review summarizes the pathogenic characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, epidemic process of babesiosis, and influencing factors of its epidemic, with an emphasis on natural and social factors, so as to provide the scientific evidence for risk assessment of babesiosis and formulation of babesiosis control strategy.

Key words: Babesiosis, Babesia, Epidemic process, Influencing factors

摘要： 巴贝虫病是一种由蜱传巴贝虫属寄生虫引起的人兽共患寄生虫病。目前已发现100余种巴贝虫，其中至少4种可感染人类。巴贝虫病呈全球性分布，人群普遍易感，发病具有明显季节性，多集中于夏秋季。近年来，随着诊断和监测能力的提升，巴贝虫病病例报告数逐年上升，同时其动物宿主范围不断扩大。由于该病目前尚无特效药和可用疫苗，其有效防控存在一定难度。本文综述了巴贝虫病的病原学特征、流行特征及流行过程，并重点阐述了影响其流行的自然因素和社会因素，以期为巴贝虫病风险评估与防控策略制定提供科学依据。

关键词: 巴贝虫病, 巴贝虫, 流行过程, 影响因素