Abstract: Schistosomiasis was once highly prevalent in Jiangxi Province, and currently, the schistosomiasis control program is moving from transmission interruption to elimination in this province. As a zoonotic parasitic disease, schistosomiasis transmission is closely linked to human activities, animal hosts, Oncomelania snail distribution, and ecological environmental changes, which highly aligns with the One Health concept. Based on the One Health concept, this paper systematically reviews the evolution and major strategies of schistosomiasis control programs in Jiangxi Province, summarizes practical experiences including the Communist Party of China and government leadership, multi⁃sectoral collaboration, case screening, treatment and health management, prevention and control of animal hosts, management of Oncomelania snail⁃infested environments, and health education and promotion, and analyzes the challenges after achieving the target of transmission interruption, such as climate change, population mobility, resurgence of livestock breading, potential transmission risks from wildlife, and insufficient capacity of surveillance and early warning. It is recommended to further improve the collaborative prevention and control mechanism based on the One Health concept, establish a multi⁃channel surveillance and early warning system covering humans, animals, Oncomelania snails, and environments, implement a strategy for management of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections with an emphasis on livestock management and wild animals monitoring, and facilitate the shift of schistosomiasis control programs from morbidity control to "human⁃animal⁃environment" coordinated governance, with aims to provide insights into achieving the target of schistosomiasis elimination in Jiangxi Province and China in 2030.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, One Health, Control practice, Control of source of infection, Surveillance and early warning, Jiangxi Province

摘要： 江西省曾是我国血吸虫病流行较为严重的省份之一，目前正处于从传播阻断迈向消除的关键阶段。血吸虫病作为一种人兽共患寄生虫病，其传播与人群活动、动物宿主、钉螺分布和生态环境变化密切相关，与全健康（One Health）理念高度契合。本文以全健康理念为分析框架，系统回顾了江西省血吸虫病防治历程及主要策略，总结了党政主导、多部门协作、人群查治与健康管理、动物宿主防治、有螺环境治理及健康教育促进等实践经验。鉴于全省达到传播阻断目标后血吸虫病防治工作仍面临气候变化、人口流动、家畜复养回流、野生动物潜在传播风险及监测预警能力不足等挑战，建议进一步完善基于全健康理念的协同防治机制，构建覆盖人群、动物、钉螺和环境的多渠道监测预警体系，实施家畜防控与野生动物监测并重的传染源管理策略，推动血吸虫病防治由单一疾病控制向“人⁃动物⁃环境”协同治理转变，从而为江西省乃至全国实现2030年消除血吸虫病目标提供参考。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 全健康, 防治实践, 传染源控制, 监测预警, 江西省