Abstract: Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease across the world, which imposes a substantial burden on human health and socioeconomic development in endemic areas. From a One Health perspective, this review systematically summarizes the legal framework, scheme, integrated interventions, control achievements, and challenges in the national echinococcosis control programme of China. An integrated strategy centered on control of the source of Echinococcus infections has been implemented for echinococcosis control in China, and cross⁃sectoral and cross⁃regional multidisciplinary coordination mechanisms have been progressively established, resulting in remarkable achievements gained in human health, animal health, and integrated environmental management. The endemicity of echinococcosis remarkably reduced in China in 2023 as compared to results from the national echinococcosis epidemiological survey in China between 2012 and 2016 (baseline), with an 82.14% reduction in human prevalence, an 80.00% reduction in detection of echinococcosis among children, a reduction of prevalent echinococcosis patients to 25 400 cases, a 36.96% reduction in the number of dogs, an 88.24% reduction in the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in dogs, a 67.00% reduction in the number of stray dogs, an 80.77% reduction in the prevalence of echinococcosis in livestock, and a 69.23% reduction in the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in rodents. Nevertheless, an estimated 14 600 canines were found to have Echinococcus infections in endemic areas across China in 2023, and the prevalence of Echinococcus infections increased by 241.03% in wild canines in 2023 relative to in 2021, which underscores the persistent threat to echinococcosis transmission. Future efforts are required to strengthen the One Health governance system, increase the financial investment, foster innovations in integrated control technologies, enhance cross⁃sectoral collaboration, and improve the capacity building at the grassroots level to advance the achievement of the national target of basically controlling echinococcosis in all endemic counties in China by 2030, thereby facilitating the process towards echinococcosis control and elimination.

Key words: Echinococcosis, One Health, Integrated control, Legislation, Control effectiveness, Challenge

摘要： 棘球蚴病是一种被忽视的人兽共患寄生虫病，呈全球分布，对流行区居民健康和社会经济发展构成沉重负担。本文基于全健康（One Health）视角，系统梳理了我国棘球蚴病预防控制的法律框架、规划方案、综合措施以及防治成效和面临的挑战。我国棘球蚴病防治实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治策略，并逐步建立了跨部门、跨区域的多学科协作机制，在人群健康、动物健康、环境综合治理等方面取得了显著成效。与2012—2016年全国棘球蚴病流行情况专项调查（基线）数据相比，2023年流行程度显著下降：人群患病率下降82.14%，儿童检出率下降80.00%，存量病人数下降至2.54万例；犬只数量下降36.96%，感染率下降88.24%，无主犬数量下降67.00%；家畜患病率下降80.77%，啮齿类动物感染率下降69.23%。然而，2023年全国流行区推算感染棘球绦虫的犬科动物达1.46万只，其中野外犬科动物感染率较2021年增加241.03%，持续对棘球蚴病防控构成重要威胁。未来需进一步强化全健康治理体系，加大资金投入，推动综合防治技术创新、跨部门协作和基层能力提升，确保2030年全国所有流行县基本控制棘球蚴病目标的实现，从而推进疫情控制和消除进程。

关键词: 棘球蚴病, 全健康, 综合防治, 法规, 防治成效, 挑战