Abstract: This article presents the diagnosis and treatment of a case with hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to visceral leishmaniasis. The patient had been misdiagnosed for a long period of time, and was finally definitively diagnosed as hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to visceral leishmaniasis through laboratory tests, bone marrow smear microscopy, and metagenomics next⁃generation sequencing. Due to unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy, the patient's family members decided to abandon treatment, and the patient subsequently died following discharge from hospital.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Hemophagocytic syndrome, Case report

摘要： 本文报道了1例内脏利什曼病继发嗜血细胞综合征病例的诊治过程。该患者长期被误诊，最终经实验室检查、骨髓涂片镜检及宏基因组二代测序检测，确诊为内脏利什曼病继发嗜血细胞综合征。因治疗效果不明显，家属放弃治疗，该患者出院后死亡。

关键词: 内脏利什曼病, 嗜血细胞综合征, 病例报道