Abstract: Bovine piroplasmosis, caused by infections with genus of Babesia and Theileria, is a tick⁃borne hemoparasitic disease. Recovered cattle often become asymptomatic persistent carriers, which represent potential sources of infection, and the pathogens of some forms of bovine piroplasmosis have zoonotic potential, which greatly threatens the public health security. Currently, the etiological diagnostic approaches of bovine piroplasmosis mainly include microscopy of blood smears, PCR assay, fluorescent quantitative real⁃time PCR assay, and loop⁃mediated isothermal amplification, and serological assay mainly includes indirect fluorescent antibody assay, enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic assay. This article systematically reviews the advances in the application of etiological approaches and serological assay for diagnosis of bovine piroplasmosis, and proposes future directions in the development of bovine piroplasmosis diagnosis, so as to provide insights into effective surveillance and precision control of bovine piroplasmosis in China. 

Key words: Bovine piroplasmosis, Etiological diagnosis, Serodiagnosis, Research progress

摘要： 牛梨形虫病是一种由巴贝斯属和泰勒虫属原虫感染引起的蜱传血液寄生虫病。病牛康复后多呈无症状持续感染状态，成为潜在传染源；且部分牛梨形虫病病原体存在人兽共患风险，对公共卫生安全构成威胁。目前，牛梨形虫病的病原学诊断方法主要包括血涂片镜检、PCR、荧光定量PCR、环介导等温扩增技术等，血清学诊断方法主要包括间接荧光抗体试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、免疫层析试验等。本文系统综述了上述病原学及血清学诊断方法在牛梨形虫病诊断中的研究进展，并对未来诊断技术进行了展望，旨在为我国牛梨形虫病的有效监测与精准防控提供参考。

关键词: 牛梨形虫病, 病原学诊断, 血清学诊断, 研究进展