Abstract: Objective　To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild murines in schistosomiasis⁃endemic areas of Yunnan Province, so as to provide the evidence for improving the schistosomiasis surveillance and early warning capability and  implementing precise interventions in the province. Methods　A total of 56 natural villages were sampled from 14 schistosomiasis⁃endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province as surveillance sites from 2024 to 2025. Wild murines were captured using traps at night and characterized for species. Liver samples were collected from wild murines, S. japonicum eggs and miracidia were simultaneously detected using liver tissue compression microscopy, liver tissue homogenate microscopy, and liver tissue homogenate hatching. In addition, stool samples were collected from wild murine rectum, with S. japonicum eggs detected using a modified Kato⁃Katz thick smear technique and S. japonicum miracidia detected using the hatching test with nylon gauzes. Results　A total of 15 577 valid murine traps were recovered, and 891 wild murines belonging to 16 species were captured, with a capture rate of 5.72%(891/15 577). The captured wild murines were predominantly districted in paddy fields, dry lands, ditches, ponds and marshlands, with Apodemus chevrieri, Rattus norvegicus, Crocidura attenuata, R. rattus sladeni, R. flavipectus, and Eothenomys miletus as dominant species. No S. japonicum eggs or miradicia were in laboratory; however, other parasites were identified in 25 wild murines. The prevalence rates of Schistosoma sinensis, Capillaria hepatica and Hymenolepis nana were 2.24% (20/891), 0.90% (8/891) and 0.56% (5/891), and the prevalence of S. sinensis and C. hepatica co⁃infection was 0.90% (8/891), respectively. Conclusions　S. sinensis, C. hepatica and H. nana are predominant parasite species in wild murines in schistosomiasis⁃endemic areas of Yunan Province. No S. japonicum infection was detected during the study period; however, there is still a  risk of wild murines as a potential source of infection for schistosomiasis transmission. Continuous intensified surveillance of S. japonicum infections in wild murines is a critical programme in schistosomiasis surveillance and early warning in Yunnan Province.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Wild murine, Surveillance, Yunnan Province

摘要： 目的　掌握云南省血吸虫病流行区野鼠血吸虫感染状况，为提升全省血吸虫病监测预警水平和实施精准干预提供依据。方法　2024—2025年，选择云南省14个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）的56个自然村作为监测点，采用夹夜法布放鼠夹、捕获野鼠，并对野鼠进行种属鉴定。取野鼠肝脏，采用肝脏组织压片镜检、肝脏组织匀浆镜检和肝脏组织匀浆孵化平行检测日本血吸虫虫卵和毛蚴；同时取野鼠直肠粪便，采用改良加藤厚涂片法检测日本血吸虫虫卵，采用尼龙绢袋集卵孵化法检测日本血吸虫毛蚴。结果　共回收有效鼠夹15 577个，共捕获野鼠16种891只，捕获率为5.72%（891/15 577）。捕获野鼠主要分布于水田、旱地、沟渠、塘堰和滩地，优势鼠种为高山姬鼠、褐家鼠、灰麝鼩、斯氏家鼠、黄胸鼠和大绒鼠。实验室检测未检出日本血吸虫虫卵或毛蚴，但在25只野鼠中检出其他寄生虫；其中，中华血吸虫感染率为2.24%（20/891），肝毛细线虫感染率为0.90%（8/891），微小膜壳绦虫感染率为0.56%（5/891），中华血吸虫和肝毛细线虫混合感染率为0.90%（8/891）。结论　云南省血吸虫病流行区野鼠存在中华血吸虫、肝毛细线虫和微小膜壳绦虫感染，未发现日本血吸虫感染，但其作为潜在传染源传播血吸虫病的风险仍然存在，持续加强野鼠血吸虫感染监测仍是血吸虫病监测预警工作的重点。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 野鼠, 监测, 云南省