Abstract: Objective　To analyze the situation of insecticide⁃treated nets (ITNs) ownership in malaria⁃endemic African countries from 2010 to 2023, so as to provide insights into China's deeper participation in malaria control in Africa. Methods　The study period from 2010 to 2023 was divided into three phases: the baseline phase (from 2010 to 2015), the middle phase (from 2016 to 2019), and the final phase (from 2020 to 2023), a total of 11 African countries with at least one Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in each phase were included. Data pertaining to ITNs in 33 surveys of the above 11 African counties from 2010 to 2023 were captured from the DHS database, and the proportions of sources of ITNs and ITN ownership in each phase (number of ITNs ownership per person, overall ownership rate, and ownership rate per two residents) were calculated. The differences in numbers of ITNs per person between urban and rural areas and specified by socioeconomic status were analyzed. Results　The proportions of ITNs from distribution campaigns were 60.24% to 94.01% and 50.46% to 85.04% in 11 African countries in the middle and final phases, respectively. The median numbers (interquartile range) of INTs ownership per person were 0.22 (0.50), 0.33 (0.50) and 0.33 (0.50) in the baseline, middle, and final phases, and the overall ownership rates [95% confidence interval(CI)] were 59.77% (59.50%, 60.05%), 70.32% (70.06%, 70.57%), and 69.21% (68.95%, 69.47%), while the ownership rates per two residents were 26.91% (26.66%, 27.16%), 38.07% (37.80%, 38.34%), and 36.56% (36.29%, 36.84%), respectively. The number of ITNs per person showed a significant increase followed by a significant decrease in 7 countries during all three phases (H = 102.518 to 2 327.440, Z = -48.886 to -4.653, all P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). In 33 surveys, there were 31 (Z = -26.719 to -2.472, P < 0.05) and 28 surveys (Z = -27.316 to -4.068, P < 0.001) with significant differences in numbers of ITNs ownership per person between households in urban and rural areas and with different socioeconomic status, including 20 surveys with a significantly higher number of ITNs ownership per person in households in rural areas than in urban areas, and 17 surveys with a significantly higher number of ITNs ownership per person among the poorest households than among the richest households. Conclusions　There are substantial disparities in ITNs ownership in 11 African countries. Intensified cooperation on malaria prevention and control measures, such as ITNs, is recommended between China and African countries to build a global community of health for all.

Key words: Malaria, Africa, Insecticide?treated net, Socioeconomic status, China?Africa cooperation

摘要： 目的　分析2010—2023年非洲疟疾流行国家药浸蚊帐（insecticide⁃treated net，ITN）拥有情况，为我国更深入参与非洲疟疾治理提供参考。方法　以2015年和2020年为时间节点，将2010—2023年分为基期（2010—2015年）、中期（2016—2019年）和终期（2020—2023年）3个阶段，纳入11个在上述3个阶段均至少开展了1次人口与健康调查（Demographic and Health Survey，DHS）的非洲国家进行分析。从DHS数据库获取2010—2023年上述11个国家开展的33次调查中的ITN数据。计算上述国家ITN来源构成比，以及各阶段ITN人均拥有数、总体拥有率与每2人拥有率，分析ITN人均拥有数在城乡家庭之间和不同社会经济状况家庭之间的差异。结果　在中期和终期，11个非洲国家来源于分发活动的ITN构成比分别为60.24% ~ 94.01%、50.46% ~ 85.04%。在基期、中期与终期，11个国家总体ITN人均拥有数的中位数（四分位数间距）分别为0.22（0.50）、0.33（0.50）和0.33（0.50），总体拥有率［95% 可信区间（confidence interval，CI）］分别为59.77%（59.50%，60.05%）、70.32%（70.06%，70.57%）和69.21%（68.95%，69.47%），每2人拥有率（95% CI）分别为26.91%（26.66%，27.16%）、38.07%（37.80%，38.34%）和36.56%（36.29%，36.84%）。11个非洲国家中，有7个国家ITN人均拥有数在上述3个阶段呈先增长后下降的趋势（H = 102.518 ~ 2 327.440，Z = -48.886 ~ -4.653；P均< 0.05）。33项调查中，分别有31项调查显示城乡家庭间（Z = -26.719 ~ -2.472，P均< 0.05）、28项调查显示不同社会经济状况家庭间（Z = -27.316 ~ -4.068，P均< 0.001）ITN人均拥有数差异有统计学意义，其中20项调查显示乡村家庭ITN人均拥有数高于城市家庭，17项调查显示最贫穷家庭ITN人均拥有数高于最富有家庭。结论　11个非洲国家ITN拥有情况存在较大差异，建议我国同非洲国家有针对性地开展ITN等疟疾防治项目，共建“人类卫生健康共同体”。

关键词: 疟疾, 非洲, 药浸蚊帐, 社会经济状况, 中非合作