Abstract: Recently, there has been an increasing risk of importation of tropical diseases into China and the resultant retransmission in the country with the in⁃depth implementation of the "Belt and Road" Initiative, which poses a serious threat to the national public health security. To effectively respond to the cross⁃border transmission risk of tropical diseases and facilitate the process towards tropical disease control and elimination in China and the countries along the "Belt and Road" Initiative, this article analyzes the current status and governance risks of major imported tropical diseases, cross⁃border joint prevention and control polices implemented for tropical diseases and challenges in the establishment of the joint prevention and control system for tropical diseases in China, and discusses the establishment and implementation path of the joint prevention and control system for tropical diseases in countries along the "Belt and Road" Initiative. This path covers the establishment of cross⁃border cooperation mechanisms, research and development and pilot production of Chinese public health products, and implementation of key cross⁃border tropical disease prevention and control projects. The establishment of this system will further improve Chinese prevention and control capabilities for key cross⁃border tropical diseases, build a demonstrative prevention and control model for tropical diseases, and promote international technical exchanges and cooperation of tropical diseases. 

Key words: Tropical disease, Cross?border transmission, Joint prevention and control, "Belt and Road" Initiative

摘要： 近年来，随着“一带一路”倡议的深入推进，我国面临的热带病输入及再传播风险日益加剧，对国家公共卫生安全构成了严重威胁。为有效应对热带病跨境传播风险、推动我国及“一带一路”沿线国家热带病控制和消除进程，本文在分析我国主要输入性热带病现状与治理风险、热带病跨境联防联控政策实施现状及面临挑战的基础上，深入探讨了“一带一路”沿线国家热带病联防联控体系建设的政策导向、机制和内容，并提出了涵盖跨境合作机制建立、中国公共卫生产品研发与试制，以及跨境热带病防控重点项目实施等3个方面的实施路径。该体系建设将进一步增强我国跨境重点热带病防控能力，构建具有示范作用的热带病防控模式，并促进国际间热带病防控技术交流与合作。

关键词: 热带病, 跨境传播, 联防联控, “一带一路”倡议