Abstract: Currently, the global malaria epidemic is still severe. China was certified malaria⁃free by WHO in 2021; however, there is a risk of cross⁃border importation and secondary transmission of malaria via aircrafts and through land bordering countries in China because of the complex environments in border areas between China and neighboring malaria⁃endemic countries, notably the explosive growth in the malaria epidemic in Myanmar in China⁃Myanmar border areas. This article summarizes typical cases of secondary transmission caused by imported malaria across the world, and proposes responses to cross⁃border importation and secondary transmission of malaria in non⁃border and border areas of China, in order to effectively reduce the risk of malaria importation and secondary transmission and consolidate the hard earned malaria elimination achievements.

Key words: Malaria, Elimination, Imported malaria, Cross?border transmission, Second transmission, Risk, Countermeasure 

摘要： 当前，全球疟疾疫情形势依然严峻。我国虽于2021年通过了WHO消除疟疾认证，但由于与我国接壤的部分国家疟疾流行情况复杂，特别是云南中缅边境缅甸一侧疟疾疫情出现暴发式增长态势，我国同时面临经航空器跨国境和经陆地邻国跨边境输入疟疾与继发传播的风险。本文列举了全球范围内疟疾输入引起继发传播的部分典型案例，并提出了针对非边境风险地区和边境风险地区的应对策略和措施，旨在有效降低疟疾输入与继发传播风险、巩固来之不易的消除疟疾成果。

关键词: 疟疾, 消除, 输入性疟疾, 跨境传播, 继发传播, 风险, 对策