Abstract: Yunnan Province borders with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, the China⁃Myanmar border area is the key area for prevention of re⁃establishment from imported malaria after the disease was eliminated in China. Since the malaria elimination action plan was launched in Yunnan Province in 2011, 129 counties (cities, districts) were classified into three categories according to malaria incidence and transmission risk, and different technical strategies and measures were implemented with adaptations to local circumstances. A total of 68 malaria consultation service stations were established on the Chinese side of the China⁃Myanmar border and 80 malaria prevention and control stations were established on the Myanmar side by Yunnan Province in 2014. Then, the ''Three Lines of Defense'' strategy was implemented for malaria elimination in the China⁃Myanmar border area in Yunnan Province during the period from 2015 to 2018, and this strategy was further refined and adjusted to the ''3 + 1'' strategy for prevention of re⁃establishment from imported malaria in 2019. Through decades of multifaceted efforts, the malaria elimination goal was achieved in Yunnan Province in June 2021. However, the number of imported malaria cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yunnan Province in 2023 and 2024, due to changes in the situation in Myanmar and the gradual resumption of international travel and border crossings following the adjustment of the COVID⁃19 prevention and control policy in China. The joint malaria prevention and control cooperation between China and Myanmar was initiated with the pilot project for joint malaria prevention and control in the China⁃Myanmar border area in 2005, and this project was progressed into the joint malaria and dengue fever prevention and control project in parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion border areas in 2010. The threat of overseas malaria epidemics to border areas in Yunnan Province was effectively reduced through implementation of coordination meetings with Myanmar health departments, establishment of efficient information exchange mechanisms, establishment of overseas surveillance sentinel sites, technical training, provision of material supports, joint propagation activities and joint responses to malaria epidemics. This project was incorporated into the Five⁃Year Plan of Action on Lancang⁃Mekong Cooperation (2018—2022) in China in 2018, with 5 liaison offices and 20 liaison workstations established in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, and 21 cross⁃border malaria surveillance sites assigned in border areas of Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, and a long⁃term malaria prevention and control cooperation mechanisms was established through meetings, training, propagation, and joint investigations. Currently, Yunnan Province is poised to engage in more extensive and in⁃depth cooperation with neighboring countries, including malaria diagnosis and treatment techniques, drug and vaccine research and development, talent cultivation, information sharing, cross⁃border human health services, and health promotion, under the guidance of the Five⁃Year Plan of Action on Lancang⁃Mekong Cooperation (2023—2027).

Key words: Imported malaria, Elimination, Joint prevention and control, China?Myanmar border, Yunnan Province

摘要： 云南省与缅甸、越南、老挝3国接壤，中缅边境地区是我国消除疟疾后防止疟疾输入再传播的重点地区。云南省自2011年起全面启动消除疟疾行动计划，按照疟疾发病率和传播风险将全省129个县（市、区）划分为3类，采取不同的疟疾防治技术策略和措施。2014年，云南省在中方边境建立了68个疟疾咨询服务站、在缅甸边境地区设置了80个疟疾防治服务站。2015—2018年，云南省在中缅边境地区实施消除疟疾“三道防线”措施；2019年，对该措施进一步调整和细化，形成了防止疟疾输入再传播的“3 + 1”策略。经过多年努力，2021年6月云南省实现了消除疟疾目标。但受缅甸局势变化和我国调整新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控政策后国际旅行和口岸通关逐步恢复等因素影响，2023年和2024年云南省输入性疟疾病例数呈上升趋势。我国与缅甸疟疾联防联控合作始于2005年的“中缅边境地区疟疾联防联控试点项目”；2010年，该项目发展为“大湄公河次区域部分边境地区疟疾和登革热联防联控项目”。通过与缅甸卫生部门举办协调会、畅通信息互通机制、建立境外监测哨点、开展技术培训、提供物资支持、开展联合宣传和联合疫情处置等措施，有效降低了境外疟疾疫情对云南省边境地区的威胁。2018年，该项目纳入国家《澜沧江⁃湄公河合作五年行动计划（2018—2022）》，与缅甸、老挝、越南、柬埔寨和泰国建立了5个联络办公室和20个联络工作站，在缅甸、老挝和越南边境地区建立了21个跨境疟疾监测哨点，每年通过会议、培训、宣传、联合调查等多种形式建立了疟疾防控长期合作机制。目前，云南省在国家《澜沧江⁃湄公河合作五年行动计划（2023—2027）》指引下，将与周边国家在疟疾防控诊疗技术、药物与疫苗研发、人才培养、信息共享、跨境人群健康服务和健康促进等方面开展更广泛和深入的合作。

关键词: 输入性疟疾, 消除, 联防联控, 中缅边境, 云南省