Abstract: Malaria is an infectious disease that seriously threatens human health. Currently, malaria control mainly depends on antimalarial chemotherapy. However, antimalarial drug resistance is becoming increasingly severe, which poses a great challenge to malaria control, notably treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. To address this challenge, there is a need to facilitate development of novel antimalarial drugs and innovation of treatment strategies, as well as reinforce surveillance and research on antimalarial drug resistance. This article reviews the main categories and use guidelines of current antimalarial agents, summarizes the current status and monitoring methods of antimalarial drug resistance, and proposes the response to antimalarial drug resistance, so as to provide insights into the use of antimalarial drugs and response to antimalarial drug resistance, and contribute to global malaria elimination.

Key words: Malaria, Elimination, Antimalarial drug resistance, Resistance management

摘要： 疟疾是严重威胁人类健康的传染病之一，目前疟疾防控仍以药物治疗为主。然而，抗疟药耐药性问题日益严峻，给疟疾防控尤其是恶性疟治疗带来了严峻挑战。为应对这一挑战，需推动新型抗疟药物开发和治疗策略创新，并加强抗疟药耐药性监测与研究。本文梳理了当前抗疟药主要类别及使用原则，总结了抗疟药耐药性现状、监测手段及应对策略，旨在为抗疟药使用及耐药性应对提供科学参考、助力全球消除疟疾。

关键词: 疟疾, 消除, 抗疟药耐药性, 抗性治理