2015—2020年四川省石渠县小型哺乳类动物棘球蚴感染率调查

中国血吸虫病防治杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 611-.

2015—2020年四川省石渠县小型哺乳类动物棘球蚴感染率调查

何伟1，杨柳1，王奇1，喻文杰1，廖沙1，刘阳1，钟波1，罗钊辉2，王谦1*

1 四川省疾病预防控制中心（四川成都 610041）；2 西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心

出版日期:2023-01-09 发布日期:2023-01-12
作者简介:何伟，男，硕士，主管医师。研究方向：棘球蚴病预防控制
基金资助:
国家卫生健康委包虫病防治研究重点实验室资助项目（2021WZK1005）

revalence of Echinococcus infection in small mammals captured from Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020

HE Wei1, YANG Liu1, WANG Qi1, YU Wen⁃jie1, LIAO Sha1, LIU Yang1, ZHONG Bo1, LUO Zhao⁃hui2, WANG Qian1*

1 Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China;2 Tibet Autonomous Region Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China

Online:2023-01-09 Published:2023-01-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的　了解四川省石渠县小型哺乳类动物棘球蚴感染率及变化趋势，为当地棘球蚴病防控提供科学依据。方法　2015—2020年，选择石渠县人体多房棘球蚴病流行较重的9个乡（镇），每个乡（镇）各选1个小型哺乳类动物活动频繁的区域作为调查点。每年7—8月，在各调查点均设置2个50 m × 50 m的样方，捕捉样方内小型哺乳类动物并记录其形态学特征等数据，通过形态学方法鉴定其物种。现场解剖所捕获小型哺乳类动物，采用目检法判断是否其感染棘球蚴；采集感染动物病变脏器，采用PCR法检测棘球蚴感染情况，并鉴定棘球蚴虫种。计算各种小型哺乳类动物棘球蚴感染率，分析感染率随时间变化趋势，并对目检法和PCR法检测结果进行比较。结果　2015—2020 年共在石渠县调查点捕捉小型哺乳类动物2 692只，经形态学鉴定，其中青海田鼠1 360只（50.52%）、高原鼠兔1 332只（49.48%）。2015—2020 年，目检法小型哺乳类动物棘球蚴感染总阳性率分别为35.63%、19.16%、21.41%、8.40%、7.68%、4.44%，PCR法检测总阳性率分别为18.96%、5.36%、5.61%、4.58%、3.30%、0.37%，均呈逐年下降趋势（[χ2] = 215.024、117.045，P均＜0.001）。除2018年外，其余各年目检法棘球蚴感染阳性率均高于PCR法（[χ2] = 33.597、21.815、51.373、17.268、9.537，P 均＜0.01）。PCR法检测结果显示，2015—2020年石渠县小型哺乳类动物多房棘球蚴感染阳性率从10.21%降至0.37%，石渠棘球蚴感染阳性率从8.75%降至0，均呈逐年下降趋势（[χ2] = 117.045、43.436，P均＜0.001）；青海田鼠多房棘球蚴感染阳性率从15.19%降至0.45%，石渠棘球蚴感染阳性率从8.23%降至0；高原鼠兔多房棘球蚴感染阳性率从7.76%降至0，石渠棘球蚴感染阳性率从9.01%降至0。结论　青海田鼠和高原鼠兔为四川省石渠县小型哺乳类动物优势种。青海田鼠以多房棘球蚴感染为主，高原鼠兔以石渠棘球蚴感染为主；两类动物棘球蚴感染阳性率均呈逐年下降趋势。

关键词: 多房棘球绦虫, 石渠棘球绦虫, 小型哺乳类动物, 青海田鼠, 高原鼠兔, 石渠县

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in small mammals in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control in Shiqu County. Methods　One setting with frequent activity of small mammals was sampled as the survey site from each of 9 townships where human alveolar echinococcosis was hyperendemic, in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020. Two quadrats measuring 50 m × 50 m were assigned in each survey site during the period between July and August from 2015 to 2020 to capture all small mammals in quadrats, and the species of small mammals were identified by morphological characteristics. All captured small mammals were dissected in the field and Echinococcus infection was identified by visual examinations. The affected organs of Echinococcus⁃infected small mammals were collected, and Echinococcus infection was detected using PCR assay, with Echinococcus species characterized. The prevalence of Echinococcus infection was calculated in small mammals, and the trends in the prevalence of Echinococcus infection were analyzed during the period from 2015 to 2020. In addition, the prevalence of Echinococcus infection was compared in small mammals using visual examinations and PCR assay. Results　A total of 2 692 small mammals were captured in the survey sites of Shiqu County from 2015 to 2020, and morphology characterized 1 360 Microtus fuscus (50.52%) and 1 332 Plateau pika (49.48%). The prevalence rates of Echinococcus infection were 35.63%, 19.16%, 21.41%, 8.40%, 7.68% and 4.44% by visual examinations and 18.96%, 5.36%, 5.61%, 4.58%, 3.30% and 0.37% by PCR assay in small mammals in Shiqu County from 2015 to 2020, both showing a tendency towards a decline year by year ([χ2] = 215.024 and 117.045, both P values < 0.001). The prevalence of Echinococcus infection was significantly higher in small mammals by visual examinations than by PCR assay during the period from 2015 to 2020 except in 2018 ([χ2] = 33.597, 21.815, 51.373, 17.268 and 9.537, all P values < 0.01). PCR assay detected a reduction in the prevalence of E. multilocularis infection from 10.21% to 0.37% and a reduction in the prevalence of E. shiquicus infection from 8.75% to 0 in small mammals in Shiqu County from 2015 to 2020, both appearing a tendency towards a decline year by year ([χ2] = 117.045 and 43.436, both P values < 0.001). In addition, the prevalence of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus infections reduced from 15.19% to 0.45% and from 8.23% to 0 in M. fuscus, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus infections reduced from 7.76% to 0 and from 9.01% to 0 in P. pika in Shiqu County from 2015 to 2020. Conclusions　M. fuscus and P. pika were dominant species of small mammals in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020, and E. multilocularis infection was mainly found in M. fuscus and E. shiquicus infection mainly found in P. pika. The prevalence of Echinococcus infection appeared a tendency towards a decline in both M. fuscus and P. pika year by year during the period from 2015 to 2020.

Key words: Echinococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus shiquicus, Small mammal, Microtus fuscus, Plateau pika, Shiqu County

中图分类号:

R383.33

何伟, 杨柳, 王奇, 喻文杰, 廖沙, 刘阳, 钟波, 罗钊辉, 王谦. 2015—2020年四川省石渠县小型哺乳类动物棘球蚴感染率调查[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2022, 34(6): 611-.

HE Wei, YANG Liu, WANG Qi, YU Wen⁃jie, LIAO Sha, LIU Yang, ZHONG Bo, LUO Zhao⁃hui, WANG Qian. revalence of Echinococcus infection in small mammals captured from Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control, 2022, 34(6): 611-.

[1]	李春阳, 官亚宜, 伍卫平, 薛垂召. 两种致病人体棘球绦虫动物宿主感染及影响因素研究进展[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2022, 34(2): 194-.
[2]	王旭, 左清秋, 余晴, 宋成玺, 王正寰, 肖宁, 王元甲, 翁晓东, 韦旭, 周鸿让, 崔小玉. 青海省玉树市人群定居点周围小型啮齿类动物种群动态及棘球绦虫感染调查[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2021, 33(4): 346-.
[3]	张学勇, 简莹娜, 郭志宏, 朵红, 魏彦明. 基于重组酶介导等温扩增技术的3种棘球绦虫核酸检测方法的建立及初步应用[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2021, 33(4): 339-.
[4]	周鸿让，陈木新，余晴，艾琳，王莹，许秋利，肖宁. 重组酶介导的等温核酸扩增技术检测多房棘球绦虫方法的建立及初步应用[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2020, 32(2): 168-.
[5]	朱文君，韩秀敏，蔡其刚，孙艳秋，郭亚民. 青海省多房棘球绦虫分子种系发生研究[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2019, 31(6): 628-.
[6]	何伟，王谦，黄燕，喻文杰，张光葭，廖沙，王奇，杨柳，陈凡，李汭芮，钟波. 四川省石渠县人群细粒棘球蚴病影响因素的病例对照研究 [J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2019, 31(5): 486-.