Table of Content

22 April 2017, Volume 29 Issue 2

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Epidemiological characteristics of canine Echinococcus infection in Qinghai, Tibet Plateau of China

LIU Hui, XIAO Ning, YANG Shi-Jie, WANG Dong, PENG Jia

2017, 29(2):  129-138. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1615KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The Qinghai?Tibet Plateau is known as one of the highest endemic areas of echinococcosis. However， the dog infection rates of Echinococcus granulosus in the plateau regions were similar to other non?Tibetan areas with the high endemic， and most of the rates were below 40%. The infected dogs with E. multilocularis were ubiquitous in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Qinghai Province where many survey data were done and available， which was much different from those in non?Tibetan areas where the geographical distribution of dogs infected with E. multilocularis was sporadic. The total infection rates of Echinococcus in dogs kept stable from 1983 to 2009 in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and did not show much variation from 2000 to 2014 in Qinghai Province as well. Since 2006， the national comprehensive prevention and control strategy and measures against echinococcosis have been launched in China， and significant progress has been made. In the endemic Tibetan area of Sichuan， the general Echinococcus infection rates in dogs were 28.10%， 15.87%， 19.22%， 3.28% and 1.11% from 2009 to 2013， respectively， and the Echinococcus coproantigen?positive rate in Gannan Prefecture of Gansu Province and parts of Qinghai Province also decreased. This paper reviews the literature on the characteristics of dog infections in the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau， so as to provide useful information to support echinococcosis control and prevention there.

Endemic situation trend of schistosomiasis in Guichi District of Chizhou City, Anhui Province, 1991-2011

XIA Cong-Cong, HE Zong-Gui, CHEN Geng-Xin, ZHANG Tie-Jun, LIN Sui-Heng, HU Yi, ZHANG Zhi-Jie

2017, 29(2):  139-142. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2319KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the epidemical patterns of schistosomiasis in Guichi District of Chizhou City， Anhui Province， in order to provide the reference for schistosomiasis control. Methods The annual data of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Guichi District from 1991 to 2011 were collected. The descriptive analysis was first conducted to describe the changes of schistosomiasis in local residents and the status of Oncomelania hupensis. An autoregressive integrated moving average （ARIMA） model was applied to fit and predict the tendency of schistosomiasis incidence in this region. Results The human morbidity increased with the increasing of the areas with snail habitats （P < 0.05）， and four peaks （in 1992， 1995， 2005， 2008） were detected. The difference of the area with snails among different types of snail habitats was statistically significant （F = 256.79， P < 0.05）. ARIMA （1， 1， 1） was determined to be the optimal model for analyzing the morbidity of schistosomiasis， and the short?term forecast of the morbidity in Guichi District from 2012 to 2015 showed that the predicted values were 0.017%， 0.007%， 0.012%， and 0.010%， respectively. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Guichi District is controlled relatively well in the past two decades. However， the surveillance in the lake and marshland regions should be strengthened continuously to prevent the rebounding of the schistosomiasis endemic situation.

Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2014

TENG Cong, LI Xin, SUN Ying-Wei, YAO Wen-Qing

2017, 29(2):  143-145. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1042KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2014， so as to provide the evidence for further control of the disease. Methods The data of registered malaria cases in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2014 were collected and analyzed with epidemiological methods. Results From 1951 to 2014， there were reported malaria cases each year. The peaks of incidence were in 1953， 1962 and 1973， the incidence rates were 136.67/100 000， 256.81/100 000 and 35.89/100 000 respectively and the numbers of patients were 27 862， 65 460 and 11 523， respectively. From 1977 to 2014， the incidence rates were all less than 1/100 000. From 1951 to 1980， the occupations of patients were mainly farmers， and from 1981 to 2014 were mainly workers， farmers and exported laborers. Conclusion The malaria endemic situation in Liaoning Province experienced the periods from outbreaks to basically elimination， and the long?term surveillance will be the further working emphasis.

Study on cyfluthrin resistance and its mechanisms of Anopheles sinensis in Nanchang frontierport

XU Tie-Long, ZHANG Qiang, LIU Lan, ZHAO Ming-Hui, LIAO Yun, LIAO Li-Xin, WANG Jian-Jun, ZHENG Bin

2017, 29(2):  146-149. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1287KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the cyfluthrin resistance and potential mechanisms of Anopheles sinensis in Nanchang Changbei International Airport， Nanchang City， Jiangxi Province. Methods The resistance levels of the local An. sinensis were detected by WHO drug resistance bioassay. During the bioassay， the dying mosquitos were classed as sensitive mosquitos， and the survival ones were classed as resistant mosquitos. The P450 monooxygenase activity and glutathione S?transferase activity were detected and compared between the two groups. At the same time， the death time of each sensitive mosquito was recorded， and the correlations between the death time and the P450 monooxygenase activity and glutathione S?transferase activity were analyzed， respectively. Results The bioassay mortality of the local An. sinensis was 59.5%. The differences of the P450 monooxygenase activities among the resistant mosquitos， sensitive mosquitos and laboratory sensitive mosquitos had statistical significances （F =151.89， P < 0.01）， the resistant mosquitos > sensitive mosquitos > laboratory sensitive mosquitos. The differences of glutathione s?transferase activities among the three groups had no statistical significance （F = 0.72， P = 0.49）. There existed positive correlation between the mosquito death time and the P450 monooxygenase activity， and the regression equation was y = 79.479 +1.512x with the correlation coefficient of 0.88， while there was no correlation between the mosquito death time and the glutathione S?transferaseactivity. Conclusion The An. sinensis in Nanchang Changbei International Airport has been resistant to cyfluthrin， and the promotion of P450 monooxygenase activity maybe one of the reasons for the resistance.

Clinical features of imported schistosomiasis mansoni in Beijing City: a report of 6 cases

ZOU Yang, WANG Lei, LI Xiao-Li, TIAN Xiao-Jun, LI Wei, AN Yi-Jun, QI Zhi-Qun, LI Jing-Jing, WANG Fei, HUANG Min-Jun

2017, 29(2):  150-154. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2214KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the clinical features of 6 patients with imported schistosomiasis mansoni， including the epidemic history， clinical manifestations， laboratory tests and therapeutic effect， so as to provide references for improving the levels of diagnosis and treatment of physicians. Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with imported schistosomiasis mansoni from January 2009 to July 2016 were collected and analyzed. Results All the 6 imported patients with schistosomiasis mansoni had a clear history of cercarial infested water exposure. The main manifestations were continuous fever and eosinophilia. Three （50%） patients were accompanied with diarrhea. Anti?Schistosoma japonicum IgG antibody were cross positive in 2 （33.3%） patients， while live eggs of S. mansoni were explored in intestinal mucosa specimens of all the patients. CD3+CD8+ T cell ratio was decreased significantly but B cell ratio was elevated in all the patients， and the main immunoglobulin of the patients was IgG. Hydroperitoneum and splenomegaly signs were discovered by abdominal ultrasonography in 16.6% （1/6） of the patients. Multiple liver nodules and wall thickening of rectum and sigmoid colon were revealed by pelvic MR scan in 16.6% （1/6） of the patients. Colitis was found in all the patients， and 66.6% （4/6） of the patients were combined with multiple colonic ulcers by the electronic colonoscopy examination. Chronic inflammation and eosinophil infiltration were found in all the patients by rectum pathology. All 6 patients were cured with chemotherapy named praziquantel. Conclusion Comprehensive analysis of clinical data including epidemiological history， specific manifestations， laboratory tests and intestinal mucosa pathology may be benefit of the management of schistosomiasis mansoni.

Analysis of results of Assessment on National Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention Techniques in 2015

RUAN Yao, WANG Li-Ying, ZHU Ting-Jun, QIAN Men-Bao, CAO Chun-Li, HAO Yu-Wan, TIAN Tian, LI Shi-Zhu

2017, 29(2):  155-158. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1342KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To assess the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of parasitic diseases among technicians from disease control and prevention institutions. Methods The Assessment on National Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention Techniques was organized in September， 2015. Together， 124 subjects from disease control and prevention institutions at province， prefecture or county levels in 31 provinces joined the assessment. A database was built consisting of subjects’ basic information and assessment scores. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the scores by gender， age， professional title， institutions and places of participants. Results The average total score of all the subjects was 123.3， with a passing rate of 57.3%. The average scores of male subjects （48 subjects） and female subjects （76 subjects） were 125.9 and 121.7 respectively； the average scores of the subjects aged under 30 years （57 subjects）， between 30 and 40 years （61 subjects） and above 40 years （6 subjects） were 119.6， 128.1 and 111.2 respectively； the average scores of persons with junior （94 subjects）， intermediate （28 subjects） and senior （2 subjects） professional titles were 119.2， 135.9 and 140.5 respectively. The average theoretical assessment score of all the subjects was 61.9， with a passing rate of 62.9%. The average practical skill assessment score of all the subjects was 61.4， with a passing rate of 58.1%. Conclusions The theoretical assessment results range widely. The theoretical knowledge results of technicians from disease control and prevention institutions are low in general. Therefore， the specific training based on daily work needs to be enhanced.

Optimization and comparison of extraction methods of mitochondrial DNA of Oncomelania hupensis

WANG Kang, XU Shu-Jun, WANG Yi-Xiao, CHEN Wen-Jie, WANG Yi-Nan, YU Fen-Fang, WANG Shao-Sheng, SUN En-Tao, ZHOU Shu-Lin

2017, 29(2):  159-162. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1252KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To optimize the extraction methods of mitochondrial genome DNA （mtDNA） of Oncomelania hupensis. Methods The pyrolysis， protein K variable?temperature digestion and high?concentration potassium acetate purification were applied to optimize the high?concentration?salt precipitation method， and then the optimized method was compared with two common extraction methods， the sucrose density gradient centrifugation method and traditional high?concentration?salt precipitation method. The mtDNA samples were identified by using spectrophotometry， agarose gel electrophoresis and the amplification products of COX1. The nuclear DNA contamination was tested by the amplification products of ITS. Results The concentration and yield of the improved method was significantly higher than those of the traditional method （F = 3 032.65， 10 185.00， both P < 0.01）. The mtDNA samples extracted were essentially free of nuclear DNA and protein， meeting PCR， sequence analysis and other molecular biology research requirements. Conclusions The improved high?concentration?salt precipitation method for isolating mtDNA is simple， and it has high yield and low cost. The extracted mtDNA can meet relevant analysis requirements.

Temporal and spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection of population and its risk factors in Eastern Dongting Lake area in 2012 and 2014

PAN Xiang, YANG Ya, LI Lin-Han, CHENG Wan-Ting, YANG Yu, SONG Xiu-Xia, ZHOU Yi-Biao, JIANG Qing-Wu

2017, 29(2):  163-168. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1734KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection of population and its risk factors in Eastern Dongting Lake area in 2012 and 2014， so as to provide the reference for formulating effective intervention measures. Methods Junshan District was selected as a study field in Eastern Dongting Lake area. The method of spatial autocorrelation analysis was applied to analyze the change of spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection in Junshan District in 2012 and 2014. The spatial regression model was fitted to detect the risk factors for human infection. Results The livestock infection rate in 2013 was lower than that in 2011. The average infection rate of schistosome was reduced to 0.55% in 2014. The spatial autocorrelation existed on the distribution of schistosomiasis in Junshan District in both 2012 and 2014 and 4 high incidence villages were identified. The results of the spatial error model showed that the prevalence of human infection was positively correlated with the infection rate of the livestock and the area of the susceptible environment in 2012. The spatial lag model showed that the prevalence of human schistosomiasis was positively correlated with the area of the susceptible environment， but not with the infection rate of livestock. Conclusion The measures involving grazing prohibition and phasing out cattle and sheep are remarkably effective and should continue on the basis of the current spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in this area.

Investigation on malaria knowledge and demands on related training for CDC staff in Qinghai Province, China

ZHANG Shao-Sen, CAI Hui-Xia, TU Hong, YAN He, LIU Na, MA Jun-Ying

2017, 29(2):  169-173. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1373KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the malaria knowledge of CDC staff and their demands on related training in malaria non?endemic areas， so as to provide the reference for planning the appropriate curriculum. Methods All the participants who were the staff of county CDCs all over Qinghai Province and attended the provincial training workshop were surveyed. A self?administered questionnaire survey was carried out and the data was statistically analyzed. Results A total of 115 participants were involved in this survey. They were mostly （85.21%） from county CDCs. The general knowledge of malaria among the respondents was well， and the average rate of correct answers was 70.35%. However， the answers to the general knowledge of malaria and anti?malaria treatment were not well enough. The rates of correct answers were 61.96% and 48.99% respectively. The differences among the groups of job title ranking， department of working and level of CDC were not significant （F = 0.13-2.02， all P > 0.05）. The number of correct answers was significantly increased after the training course. The average score after the training was 79.20±15.16 while the pre?training score was 70.34±17.46 （t = 3.86， P < 0.05）， especially in the answers to general malaria knowledge and malaria surveillance and response （t = 4.30， 4.97， both P < 0.05）. The general knowledge of malaria was considered as the most need of training as 80% of the respondents voted “Yes”， according to the demand analysis. There was no significant difference among the different groups （F = 0.61-3.11， both P > 0.05）. Conclusion The malaria knowledge is well mastered by the staff of CDCs in Qinghai Province， and the further training courses are requested and addressed in the target areas such as general malaria knowledge， anti?malaria treatment， malaria surveillance and response.

Identification of a myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in Oncomelania hupensis against Schistosoma japonicum infection

GAO Qian, LI Yan-Wei, HUANG Wen-Ling, ZHAO Qin-Ping, DONG Hui-Fen

2017, 29(2):  174-181. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (8370KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To identify a myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） in Oncomelania hupensis， and characterize the role of MyD88 against Schistosoma japonicum infection. Methods The complete cDNA of MyD88 in O. hupensis was obtained by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）， and homologues sequences and conserved domains were aligned and the structure of MyD88 was predicted either. A phylogenetic tree of MyD88 was further constructed with other species. In addition， the mRNA expression level of O. hupensis MyD88 before and after S. japonicum infection was investigated by real?time quantitative PCR （RT?qPCR）. Results The cDNA of O. hupensis MyD88 consisted of 1 406 bp open reading frame （ORF）， encoding 468 amino acid residues， which contained death domain and Toll/interlrukin?1 receptor （TIR） domain， the typical features of MyD88 family proteins. The predicted amino acid sequence of O. hupensis MyD88 shared 38%?52% identity with other mollusc. O. hupensis MyD88 was phylogenetically closeted to Biomphalaria glabrata MyD88. The O. hupensis MyD88 existed in all selected tissues and expressed highly in hemocyte， up?regulated after S. japonicum infection in all selected tissues except cephalopodium， especially higher in whole snail and hemocyte. Conclusion MyD88?dependent signaling pathway is present in O. hupensis and plays an important role in innate immune response against S. japonicum infection.

Risk assessment of secondary transmission induced by imported malaria in Jiangxi Province

LEI Lei, XIA Zhi-Gui, LI Zhi-Hong, XIA Shang, GONG Yan-Feng, XIAO Ning

2017, 29(2):  182-187. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3367KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To assess the risk of secondary transmission induced by imported malaria in Jiangxi Province， so as to provide the evidence for adjustment of malaria surveillance strategies in the key groups and areas. Methods The Delphi method was used to establish the secondary transmission risk indicator system and the weight of each index was obtained. The data of malaria prevalence， vector distribution and intervention capacity were collected in 100 counties of Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2015. The transmission potential index （TPI）， intervention capacity index （ICI）， and malaria risk index （MRI） were calculated for each county. The risk map was drawn with GIS software. Results The top ten counties with highly potential risk indicators were Linchuan District （2.131）， Xinzhou District （1.609）， Jiujiang County （1.404）， Zhanggong District （1.365）， Fengcheng City （1.225）， Qingshanhu District （1.184）， Yudu County （1.171）， Dingnan County （1.018）， Xunyang District （1.015） and Zhushan District （1.006）. The high risk areas were mainly distributed in the regions of the capitals of their prefectures and in counties with more floating population. Conclusions There are the risk of the secondary transmission induced by imported malaria in Jiangxi Province. The high risk of the secondary transmission is shown in the areas with more floating population and weaker intervention capacity.

Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in infants with diarrhea in Wuhan City

LIU Xiao-Jie, MAO Tie-Bo, WU Peng, ZHOU Rui

2017, 29(2):  188-191. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1289KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrhea infants under 2 years old in Wuhan City， so as to provide the epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Methods The fecal samples from infants under 2 years old with diarrhea were collected in Hubei General Hospital and Central South Hospital in Wuhan City， Hubei Province from August 2014 to July 2015. The fecal samples were stored in 2.5% potassium dichromate at 4 ℃ after filtered. The DNA was extracted from the fecal pellets with the phenol?chloroform method. The Cryptosporidium species were detected by a nested PCR assay targeting the SSU rRNA gene of the parasite. All the positive PCR products were sequenced on ABI 3100 automated sequencer， and the amplified sequences were compared to homologous sequences in the NCBI database by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool （BLAST）. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by using the software MEGA （version 4.0） based on the Neighbour?Joining method. Results The human stool specimens （n = 298） were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium by nested PCR. The infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 3.02% （9/298）. The infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 5.93% （7/118）in the infants between 1-2 years old， and the infection rate was 1.11% （2/180） in the infants under 1 year old， and there was a significant difference between the two groups （[χ2]= 4.13，P < 0.05）. The nine samples which were positive by nested PCR were successfully sequenced and compared with the reference sequences in GenBank. The results revealed the nine positive specimens were all infected with C. parvum， and two of them were co?infected with C. hominis. Neighbor?joining trees were constructed from the aligned partial SSU rRNA sequences of these nine isolates， and in the SSU rRNA locus， the nine isolates were grouped with C. parvum. Conclusion There exists Cryptosporidium infection in the infants under 2 years old with diarrhea in Wuhan City， and the main species of Cryptosporidium is C. parvum.

Changes of liver fibrosis-related miRNAs induced by soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum

WANG Huan, LU Ya-Jing, GAO Yan-Ru, WANG Shu-Hong, ZHOU Rui, DONG Hui-Fen

2017, 29(2):  192-196. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (5086KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the expression of miRNA associated with hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen stimulation in mouse hepatocytes （AML12）， so as to lay the foundation for clarifying the mechanism of schistosome infection leading to hepatic fibrosis. Methods The expressions of miR?122， miR?182， miR?23b， miR?27b and KSRP in AML12 cells treated with SEA were measured by q?PCR. KSRP protein in cell lyses was measured by Western blotting. AML12 cells were transfected with miR?27b precursor or anti?miR?27b for 24 h， then q?PCR was adopted to determine KSRP mRNA， and KSRP protein was detected by Western blotting. Results The expressions of miR?182， miR?23b and miR?27b were decreased and miR?122 was increased in AML12 cells following SEA treatment （all P < 0.05）. An increase of mRNA and protein of KSRP expression was also observed in AML12 cells after SEA stimulation （both P < 0.05）. In addition， KSRP mRNA expression was not changed significantly in AML12 cells transfected with anti?miR?27b or miR?27b precursor， and miR?27b precursor reduced KSRP protein expression as compared with the control. In contrast， the expression of KSRP protein was increased in the anti?miR?27b group and decreased in the miR?27b precursor group. Conclusions After the stimulation of SEA， the expressions of a variety of liver fibrosis?related miRNAs and KSRP change in murine hepatocytes， including miR?27b. And miR?27b can regulate the expression of KSRP. These findings might lay a foundation for further study on the molecular mechanism of fibrosis induced by schistosome infection.

Evaluation on human resource allocation in certain national institute of parasitic diseases in ten years

KUAI Yan, CAO Chun-Li, TIAN Shen, TAO Bi-Ying, LI Shi-Zhu, ZHOU Xiao-Nong

2017, 29(2):  197-201. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3924KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the human resource in a national institute of parasitic diseases from 2007 to 2016， so as to provide a reference for the construction of a well?crafted human resource of national parasitic diseases control and prevention. Methods The basic information of the staff in the national institute of parasitic diseases was investigated and a related database was established to analyze the quantity and structure of the human resource allocation in 10 years through the annual statistics each year. Results The number of staff in the institute increased by 6.25% in 2016 compared with that in 2007， and 43.32% of the staff were under 35 years old. In 2016， 59.36% of the staff had a master degree or a higher level degree， and 37.97% of the staff had senior technical titles. The difference value of the inflows and outflows was 3.21%. Conclusions The change of the structure and quality of human resource in this institute has a good tendency in the past ten years. The organization should optimize the human resource allocation and improve its capacity in disease control and prevention to broaden the methods of talent introduction and control the brain drain problem.

Present situation of health education work in schistosomiasis control and evaluation on its effectiveness in Hubei Province

JIANG Li-Ming, ZHAO Zi-Han, JIANG Yong, XU Ming, ZHANG E-MIng, JI Jie

2017, 29(2):  202-205. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1057KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the present situation and requirements of health education in schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province， so as to improve the health education to the targeted people. Method Through the questionnaire survey and field investigation， the data of the present situation and requirements of health education in schistosomiasis control were collected in 24 counties （cities） of Hubei Province， and these data included the related institution structure of health education， basic information of personnel， equipment， funds， and health education working form. All the data collected were analyzed and evaluated. Results Among the 24 counties， there were 12 independent departments of health education， accounting for 50%. In terms of the basic information of the health education staff， the youngest person was 34 years old and the eldest was 58 years old， and the mean age was 46.55± 6.9 years. For the formal school education of the staff， 5 had senior high school or below education （20.8%）， 16 had college education （66.7%）， 3 had bachelor degree or above （12.5%）. There were 10 counties （41.70%） with the special funds for health education work but there were 3 counties （12.50%） without the special funds. Conclusion The effectiveness of health education work in schistosomiasis control is remarkable， but there are still deficiencies in professional staff and funds in Hubei Province.

Infection situation of intestinal nematodes and knowledge about prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis in Jingjiang City

WANG Ji-Sheng, LIU Jian-Feng, LIU Ya-Hong, SONG Liang-Liang, GENG Guo-Wang

2017, 29(2):  206-208. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1161KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the infection situation of intestinal nematodes and knowledge about the prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis， so as to explore the effective control measures in Jingjiang City. Methods The towns where more floating people lived were randomly selected and the infection situation of intestinal nematodes was investigated with Kato?Katz method， and the residents’ awareness of the prevention and control of nematodiasis was surveyed with questionnaires. Results From 2013 to 2015， totally 4 555 local residents and 2 278 floating people were investigated in Jingjiang City. The infection rate of intestinal nematodes was 0.29% （13 cases） in the local people， while the rate was 0.75% （17 cases） in the floating people， and the difference was significant （[χ2]= 7.380， P < 0.01）. The differences of the intestinal nematode infection rates between sexes in both local residents and floating people were not significant （[χ2]= 0.010， 0.048， both P > 0.05）. The awareness rate of intestinal nematodiasis prevention and control of the local residents was significantly higher than that of the floating people （[χ2] = 9.649?164.533， all P < 0.01）. Conclusion The floating people is the focus of intestinal nematodiasis control， and the health education of ancylostomiasis control should be strengthened in Jingjiang City.

Surveillance with sentinel mice in key water areas of schistosomiasis endemic regions in Yunnan Province, 2015

SHEN Mei-Fen, FENG Xi-Guang, ZHANG Yun, WU Ming-Shou, XIONG Meng-Tao, SONG Jing

2017, 29(2):  209-211. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1067KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To carry out the surveillance with sentinel mice in the key water areas of schistosomiasis endemic regions in Yunnan Province， so as to establish and perfect the surveillance and forecast system of schistosomiasis. Methods Six villages of three counties with schistosomiasis heavy endemic status were selected as the survey points. Then， the surveillance and forecast with the sentinel mice were carried out in the key water areas in the survey points. The recovered sentinel mice were dissected in laboratory， and their serum antibodies against schistosome were detected. Meanwhile， the suspicious infested water contacts of the residents and livestock in the surveillance sites were investigated， and the endemic data of schistosomiasis in the survey points in recent 3 years were collected and analyzed. Results Totally 282 sentinel mice were placed in the water area， 252 were recovered， with a recovery rate of 90.78%， and 8 mice were dead， with a mortality rate of 3.13%. The number of mice with schistosome egg granuloma and adult worm detected were both 0， and the worm burden and the positive rate of serum antibodies against schistosome were both 0， too. The persons who contacted with the suspicious infested water were mainly villagers and students by harvesting and playing. The Oncomelania hupensis snail areas， the infection rates of residents and livestock were obviously declined in recent 3 years. Conclusions There are no positive sentinel mice found in the key water areas of the surveillance sites in Yunnan Province， which suggests that the schistosome infection risk of residents and livestock is low. However， the comprehensive control measures， surveillance and forecast with sentinel mice in the key water areas of schistosomiasis endemic regions still should be strengthened.

Effect of network training on clinicians’knowledge of malaria diagnosis and treatment in Yunnan Province

ZHOU Xin-Wu, SUN Xiao-Dong, XU Jian-Wei, YANG Heng-Lin, YAN Ning, YANG Ya-Ming

2017, 29(2):  212-215. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1067KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To introduce the application of the network training on clinicians’knowledge of malaria diagnosis and treatment in Yunnan Province， and evaluate its effect. Methods Through the platform Yiboshi（www.yiboshi.com）， the medical and health personnel at the units of provincial， prefectural， county levels and 25 townships of 25 border counties were trained on the knowledge of malaria diagnosis， treatment， prevention and control， and the effects were evaluated by examinations， questionnaires and interviews. Results Totally 7 152 participants were trained，the average participation， completion and pass rates of the training were 95.26%， 98.55% and 97.30%， respectively. The trainees mainly learned malaria control knowledge from 3 aspects， namely policy of malaria elimination， malaria epidemiology， malaria diagnosis and treatment. The questionnaires showed that 95.94% of the participants considered that their theoretical and technical levels improved，97.30% were interested in the training content，93.24% recognized the arrangement of the training time was reasonable， and 91.89% were satisfied with the service of the platform. Conclusions The network training on knowledge of malaria diagnosis and treatment in Yunnan Province has achieved good effect. The network training meets the need of training a large number of clinicians in the malaria elimination and post?elimination stage.

Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Longhua region, Hebei Province

ZHANG Li-Hong, LIU Gui-Fen, LIU Dong-Mei

2017, 29(2):  216-218. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1120KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the status of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Longhua region， Hebei Province. Methods A total of 393 women with adverse pregnancy outcomes were chosen as respondents in the Longhua County Maternal and Child Health Care Center between January 2013 and June 2016 and were divided into an acute infection group， a previous infection group， and an active infection group according to the test results. Totally 256 women without adverse pregnancy outcomes were selected as a control group. IgM and IgG antibodies to T. gondii were detected by using ELISA in each group. The risk factors of T. gondii infection were surveyed by questionnaires. Results The T. gondii infection rate of the women with adverse pregnancy outcomes was 27.23% （107/393）， which was significantly higher than 8.20% （21/256） in the control group （[χ2]= 35.46， P＜0.01）. The rates of acute infection， previous infection， active infection in the women with adverse pregnancy outcomes were 6.87% （27/393）， 18.58% （73/393）， and 2.54% （10/393） respectively， which was significantly higher than those ［1.17% （3/256）， 7.03% （18/256）， 0（0/256）］ in the control group （[χ2]= 11.43， 17.15， 7.90 respectively， P＜0.01）. The ratios of the career in contact with raw meat， feeding pets （dog and cat）， tasting raw meat， chopping board regardless of uncooked or cooked food， frequently eating rinsing boiler or barbecue， frequently eating outside of the women with T. gondii infection were significantly higher than those of the women without T. gondii infection （[χ2]＝12.08， 29.23， 8.55， 13.41， 7.28， 6.06 respectively， P < 0.01 or 0.05）. Conclusions T. gondii infection could lead to serious adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore， to avoid contacting with pets， not eating undercooked food， and strengthening personal health protection are the important keys to avoid T. gondii infection.

Knowledge, attitude and practice related to schistosomiasis control among rural residents in Wanjiang River region after a flood

LIU Huan, WANG Ai-Xia, LI Yuan-Zhen, ZHOU Ming-Ming

2017, 29(2):  219-221. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1123KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the status of knowledge， attitude and behavior of schistosomiasis control of rural residents in Wanjiang River region after a flood， so as to provide the reference for targeted health education. Methods The multistage sampling was applied to select the respondents in rural residents in Wanjiang River region， and the self?designed questionnaire was used to investigate the current situation of knowledge， attitude and behavior of schistosomiasis prevention and control of the rural residents. Results The total awareness rate of knowledge about the prevention and control of schistosomiasis was 47.92%. The age， education， family income， relatives and friends with medical background， and health education significantly influenced the awareness rate （[χ2]= 12.76， 89.19， 18.19， 50.83 and 92.60 respectively， all P < 0.05）. The accuracy rates of attitude and behavior in schistosomiasis control were 62.89% and 52.37% respectively. Conclusion The awareness rate of knowledge about the prevention and control of schistosomiasis， and the accuracy rates of attitude and behavior in schistosomiasis control of the rural residents in Wanjiang River region are all inefficient， and therefore， the targeted health education should be strengthened to decrease the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.

Analysis of antibody titer value of IHA in 135 acute schistosomiasis patients

WEN Liang-Jun, WANG You-Bin, XU Zhao-Gang

2017, 29(2):  222-224. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1083KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the antibody titer value of indirect haemagglutination test （IHA） in 135 confirmed acute schistosomiasis patients， so as to provide the evidence for improving the diagnosis and treatment of acute schistosomiasis. Methods A total of 135 acute schistosomiasis inpatients were selected from 2001 to 2006. They all received the IHA antibody titer detection， and the correlation among the age， incubation period， and hospitalization days was calculated. Results The antibody titers of IHA were higher than 1∶320 in all the cases. The percentages of 1∶640， 1∶1 280， 1∶2 560， 1∶5 120 and 1∶10 240 were 1.48%， 28.15%， 35.56%， 20.00%， and 14.81% respectively. The mean age was （47.70 ± 14.58） years， average incubation period was （38.03 ± 4.59） days and mean hospital stay time was （15.08 ± 3.79） days. The antibody titer value had no correlation with the age distribution （r = 0.109， P > 0.05）. There was a negatively correlation between the antibody titer value and incubation period， （r = -0.558， P <0.01）， there was a positive correlation between the antibody titer value and hospitalization time （r = 0.791， P < 0.01）， and there were significant differences among different groups （F = 17.07， 64.53， both P < 0.01）. Conclusions The antibody titer of acute schistosomiasis cases detected by IHA is 1∶640 and above. There is no correlation between the antibody titer value and age， but the antibody titer value is higher， the incubation period is shorter and hospitalization time is longer.

Preliminary investigation of Suidasia nesbitti breeding status in ground dust flour in Qiqihaer City

HONG Yong, DU Feng-Xia, ZHAO Dan, WANG Shao-Sheng, LI Chao-Pin

2017, 29(2):  225-227. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1156KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the Suidasia nesbitti breeding status in the ground dust flour collected in Qiqihaer City. Methods Totally， 16 aliquots of ground dust flour were respectively collected from a college canteen and 15 households in Qiqihaer City. Then 10 g dust flour was taken from individual sample for isolation of the mites that were made of slide specimen， and the mites were identified and classified under a microscope. Results Acaroid mites were found in 15 of the 16 aliquots of samples（detection rate being 93.8％）， and 7 species， belonging to 6 genera under 3 families， were identified. A total of 561 heads of mites were isolated from 160 g samples， with an average breeding density of 3.51 heads/g. The most breeding mite was associated with S. nesbitti. Conclusions Various species of mites are breeding in the ground dust flour in Qiqihaer City， and S. nesbitti occurs the most. These findings indicate that effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the harm associated with acaroid mite contamination.

Evaluation of ELISA kit for detection of serum specific IgG antibodies against Taenia solium in diagnosis of human cysticercosis

CHEN Chuang, CHEN Xin-Wang, DENG Jian-Zhong, LI Tiao-Yang

2017, 29(2):  228-230. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1193KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the ELISA kit for detection of IgG antibodies against Taenia solium cysticercus in humans， so as to provide a reference for its application in clinical practice. Methods The sera collected from the patients with neurocysticercosis， echinococcosis， taeniasis and healthy people， respectively， were checked by ELISA for specific IgG antibodies against T. solium cysticercus， as described in the instruction of the kit. Results Of the 30 patients with neurocysticercosis at active stage， 28 showed seropositive reaction， indicating a sensitivity of 93.33%. There were no positive reactions in the 100 healthy people. Two of the 42 persons with taeniasis were seropositive with an infection rate of 4.76%. Forty?one of the 60 persons with echinococcosis showed positive reactions， suggesting that the cross reaction rate of the kit with echinococcosis was 68.33%. Conclusions The assessed ELISA kit has a reasonably high sensitivity but a poor specificity， and the cross reaction rate with echinococcosis is very high. It is urgent to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic kit for detection of T. solium cysticercosis in China.

Application of CroelDRAW software in drawing sketch map of schistosomiasis control

SHAN Xiao-Wei, XIAO Ying, CAI Shun-Xiang, ZHOU Xiao-Rong, CHEN Mei, LIU Jian-Bing

2017, 29(2):  231-234. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2166KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To improve the information level of schistosomiasis control by using the related functions of CorelDRAW software. Methods Combining with the requirement of schistosomiasis control， the sketch map was drawn according to the linear element drawing， the geometric drawing， the color rendering and the text adding. Results The schistosomiasis epidemic sketch map and the Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution sketch map at all levels were produced in CorelDRAW software. Conclusion The sketch map drawing in CorelDRAW software is beautiful and standardizing， and it can improve the level of information management.

Analysis of academic impact of publications from National Institute of Parasitic Diseases| Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention based on SCIE database in recent five years

LI Zhen, ZHENG Bin

2017, 29(2):  235-240. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1357KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To describe the academic impact of publications from National Institute of Parasitic Diseases （NIPD）， Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention， so as to give the quantity evidence for scientific research decision making. Methods The SCIE papers of NIPD published from 2011-2015 were searched and statistically analyzed. The number of published papers， citation frequencies， h?index， and funding resources were analyzed. The academic impact of the institute was assessed according to these data. Result A total of 361 papers were published by NIPD， and the quantity increased year by year. The majority type is original articles. The total citations were 1 641 times， the average citation per paper was 5.19 and h?index was 17. The majority of these papers were published in foreign professional periodicals， whose impact factors were between 1.194 and 6.751. The major resources of NIPD were from China， and NIPD also had good collaborations with institutions in US and Switzerland. In China and Asia， NIPD led the research in the field of parasitology and tropical medicine. Conclusion The quantity and quality of annual published papers of NIPD are on the rise. However， NIPD lagged behind the leading institutions in the world.

Efficacy of repeated application of praziquantel in treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to schistosomiasis

LIAO Hong-Bao, CHEN Ming

2017, 29(2):  241-242. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1025KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of repeated application of praziquantel in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to schistosomiasis. Methods A total of 60 patients with schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis （clinically diagnosed cases） were selected and divide into a treatment group and control group randomly， with 30 cases each group. The patients in the treatment group were given praziquantel ［30 mg/（kg·d） for 2 days］ each year for three consecutive years， on the basis of the conventional liver protection therapy and symptomatic treatment. The patients in the control group were given the conventional liver protection therapy and symptomatic treatment. All the treatment duration was 36 months. The clinical symptoms were observed， and the liver function， and the levels of HA， LN， IV?C， and PCIII were detected in the two groups before and after the treatment. Results The clinical symptoms and liver function improved， and the HA， LN， IV?C， PCIII levels were decreased in the treatment group with varying degrees， and the total effective rate was 93% （26/28）. The total effective rate in the control group was 60% （16/27）. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the total effective rate （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The repeated application of praziquantel has a better therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to schistosomiasis.

Epidemiological analysis of malaria situation in Wenzhou City in 2015

NI Qing-Xiang, CHEN Yi, WEI Jing-Jiao, PAN Qiong-Jiao, ZHANG Xiao-Ming, LI Ling

2017, 29(2):  243-245. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1104KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the characteristics of malaria prevalence in Wenzhou City， so as to provide the evidence for improving the comprehensive control of malaria. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cases in Wenzhou City in 2015 were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological methods. Results Totally 24 imported malaria cases were reported in Wenzhou City in 2015 with the incidence of 0.26 per 100 000 and no case was dead. Plasmodium vivax， P. falciparum， and P. ovale were identified in 1 （4.17%）， 20 （83.33%）， and 3 （12.50%） cases， respectively. The cases reported in Rui’an， Cangnan and Lucheng counties/districts accounted for 70.83% （17/24） of the total cases in Wenzhou City. The cases were mostly concentrated in male young adults and 23 cases （95.83%） were imported from Africa. Conclusion Malaria epidemic situation in Wenzhou City is relatively stable and no local malaria cases were reported in 2015. However， the control work of imported malaria should be strengthened.

Research progress of control techniques on Oncomelania hupensis

GUAN Wei, HONG Qing-Biao, LV Shan, XU Jing, LI Shi-Zhu

2017, 29(2):  246-251. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1101KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. The elimination of Oncomelania snails is the key technique step for schistosomiasis control. This paper summarizes the progress of the techniques of snail control， including the methods of ecology engineering， biology， molluscicides and the study on novel molluscicides， and reviews their features. In addition， this paper explores the appropriate approach to control the snails.

Research progress of Babesia rhoptry associated proteins

YANG Chun-Li, CAI Yu-Chun, CHEN Jia-Xu

2017, 29(2):  252-256. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1072KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Babesia parasites are obligate intracellular apicomplexan protozoa and important pathogens causing babesiosis of humans and animals. They have conserved subcellular structures and invasion mechanism. Rhoptry?associated proteins， which are released into the host cell， are considered to be the key molecules of invasion and replication of parasites in the host cell and are immunosuppressive factors of the host cell mediated immunity in the stage of parasitophorous vacuole （PV） formation. The knowledge about rhoptry?associated proteins has made a great progress with the development of genomics and proteomics， so we review the research progress in rhoptry?associated proteins of different Babesia including Babesia bovis， B. ovine， B. gibsoni， B. bigemina and B. orientalis， etc.

One case report of Ancylostoma duodenale parasitized in hepatic flexure of colon

TANG Yu-Feng, WANG Feng-Mei, WEN Xue, SHANG Xiao-Hong

2017, 29(2):  257-258. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1148KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

This paper reports a case of Ancylostoma duodenale parasitized in the hepatic flexure of colon and the case was misdiagnosed at the beginning. The causes of misdiagnosis are analyzed and the laboratory examination methods of hookworm are summarized.