Table of Content

24 August 2016, Volume 28 Issue 4

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China's contribution to research and development of antiparasitic products—Inspiration from Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015

HUANG Yang-Mu, CAO Jun

2016, 28(4):  349-352.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016161

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Chinese scientist Tu You?you won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015，due to her outstanding contri? bution to the discovery of antimalarial drug artemisinin. The discovery of artemisinin is a great breakthrough using modern phar? maceutical technology to excavate ancient Chinese traditional medicine resources，based on government’ s coordination mecha? nisms. This article analyzes the research and development status of the current global antiparasitic products，as well as China’ s needs and strengths in related areas. The authors propose that China should take the advantage of government financing and re? search capacity to strengthen the research and development of antiparasitic products，so as to contribute more to improving glob? al health equity.

Surveillance and risk assessment system of schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province Ⅲ Risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City

ZUO Yin-Ping, ZHU Dao-Jian, DU Guang-Lin, TANG Kai, MA Yu-Cai, ZHANG Zheng-Qiu, CHEN Shao-Zhou, WANG Fu-Biao, TANG Hong-Ping, ZHANG Jin, SUN Le-Ping

2016, 28(4):  353-357.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016160

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Objective Objective To evaluate the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City，so as to provide evidences for establishing a post?transmission surveillance system for schistosomiasis in marsh? land regions. Methods Methods The water infectivity，floating boatmen and fishermen infection，reservoir host infection and wild feces contamination were investigated in five districts/counties along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City，including Guangling，Hanji? ang，Jiangdu，Yizheng and Development Zone，and the transmission factors and risky characteristics were assessed after inter? ruption of schistosomiasis transmission in marshland regions. Results Results A total of 15 key water regions were identified in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City in 2015. A total of 1 500 sentinel mice were placed，after breeding，their overall sur? vival rate was 99.33%；1 490 were dissected， with no schistosome infection. Of the 5 576 floating boatmen and fishermen exam? ined，no schistosome infection was observed，and among the 3 566 domestic animals（including 171 cattle，1 895 sheep and 1 500 pigs），no infections were detected. During the period between January and March，2016，there were 3 200 mouse traps placed on 8 marshlands，and 62 wild mice were captured from 6 marshlands，with a capture rate of 1.94%，and no schistosome? infected wild mice were seen. In addition，there were 35 pieces of fresh wild feces captured from 7 marshlands，including 11 pieces of bovine feces（31.43%），17 pieces of sheep feces（48.57%），2 pieces of dog feces（5.71%）and 5 pieces of other feces （14.29%），and no infections were detected. Conclusions Conclusions There is a low risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City. However，the contamination of feces from bovine and sheep that are freely pastured on marshlands is a big threat to schistosomiasis control.

Epidemiological investigation on confirmed cases of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province

CHEN Yan-Yan, CAI Shun-Xiang, LI Guo, XIAO Ying, SHAN Xiao-Wei, ZHANG Juan, LIU Jian-Bing

2016, 28(4):  358-364.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016030

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Objective Objective To grasp the distribution and epidemiology of confirmed cases of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province， so as to provide the evidence for promoting the prevention and control work. Methods Methods The confirmed cases of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014 were epidemiologically investigated，and the prevalence characteristics and main influenc? ing factors were analyzed. Results Results A total of 10 102 confirmed cases from 2010 to 2014 were surveyed. There were 1 062 local infected patients，accounting for 10.51% and including 354 repeated infections and 17 newly infected. There were 290 foreign? infected patients，accounting for 2.87%，with 206 repeated infection cases and 84 newly infected. There were 8 750 historical patients，including 2 229 patients who leaked the former schistosomiasis investigations，accounting for 22.06%；570 patients missed treatment，accounting for 5.64%；3 640 patients were treated with non?standard therapy，accounting for 36.03%；2 311 patients were treated with poor medication efficacy，accounting for 22.88%. The multivariate non?conditional Logistic regres? sion，targeting at confirmed cases in 2014，showed that，for the leaking investigations，the potential risk factors included the age，educational level，and latrine renovation（b＞0，OR＞1），the protective factors were the times of previous treatment，cat? tle feeding in villager team，and Oncomelania hupensis snails in surroundings（b＜0，OR＜1）；for the treatment?missing，the age，educational level，snails in the surroundings of residence were risk factors（b＜0，OR＜1）；for the substandard treat? ment，the risk factors included the occupation and snails in the surroundings of residence（b＞0，OR＞1），and the educational level and snails in the own field were protective factors（b＜0，OR＜1） . Conclusion Conclusion The epidemiological investigation on the confirmed cases of schistosomiasis could grasp the epidemic factors so as to improve the management and carry out the scientific control.

Investigation of direct medical expense for surgical patients with splenomegalic advanced schistosomiasis in Hunan Province from 2010 to 2014

LIU Jia-Xin, ZHOU Rui-Hong, DENG Wei-Cheng, PAN Jie, ZHOU Lu, LIU Ling, SHAO Zhi-Wei, LIU Mei-E

2016, 28(4):  365-369.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015247

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Objective Objective To understand the direct medical expense for surgical patients with splenomegalic advanced schisto? somiasis and its influencing factors，so as to provide evidences for relevant departments to improve the rescue strategy of ad? vanced schistosomiasis. Methods Methods The data about the expenses of patients with splenomegalic advanced schistosomiasis hospi? talized in Xiangyue Hospital affiliated to Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control from January 2010 to August 2014 were col? lected，the hospitalization expense and hospital stays of the patients were analyzed，and the factors influencing the hospital ex? penses were analyzed by the univariate and multi?factor analyses. Results Results From January 2010 to August 2014，totally 249 cas? es were hospitalized in the hospital，their average hospital stays and hospital expenses were 28.92 d and 18 896.13 Yuan，and both of them were increased year by year. Among all the kinds of expenses，the constitution ratios of the medicine expenses were the highest，and those in the 5 years were all above 44%. The results of the univariate and multi?factor analyses showed that the hospital stays，the amount of intraoperative bleeding，liver function classification，postoperative complications，age，portal hy? pertensive gastropathy were the influencing factors of the hospital expenses. Conclusion Conclusion Presently，the burden of the direct hospital expenses of the patients with splenomegalic advanced schistosomiasis is still heavy. The government should further im? prove the proportion of the compensation of medical assistance and perfect the medical aid scheme. Meanwhile，the hospitals should strengthen the management and standardize medical behavior to reduce the hospitalization expenses of the patients.

Effect of two-level community-based health education pattern on schistosomiasis control

ZHANG Xia, HU He-Hua, LIU Xiong, ZHANG Hua-Ming, HE Shi-Hao, XIAO Chuan-Yun, TIAN Rong, ZHANG Wei-Rong, CUI Cai-Xia, WEN Xiao-Hong, LIU Jun, YANG Li-Ying, CHEN Mei, CAO Chun-Li, LI Shi-Zhu

2016, 28(4):  370-374.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016097

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Objective Objective To implement a two?level community?based health education pattern of schistosomiasis in residents of endemic areas in marshland and lake regions，so as to explore the suitable pattern of health education under hypo?endemic situa? tion. Methods Methods Two schistosomiasis endemic villages in Jiangling County，Hubei Province were collected as study areas，and among which，one village was treated as an intervention group，where the two?level community?based health education pattern as well as regular control measures was implemented；the other village was a control group，where only regular control measures were implemented. The awareness rates on schistosomiasis control，the rates of correct behavior and the compliance rates of ex? amination，treatment and chemotherapy of the two groups before and after the intervention were compared. Results Results According to the results of the baseline survey in 2014，the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of the intervention and control groups were 84.00% and 77.45%，respectively，the correct rates of behavior of the two groups were 72.00% and 63.73%，respectively， and the compliance rates of the treatment were 80.36% and 82.28%，respectively，there were no statistically significant differences between all the above rates of the two groups （all P > 0.05） . After the intervention of the two?level community?based health education，the correct rates of behavior，and the compliance rates of examination and chemotherapy of the two groups were 92.31% and 80.37%，95.11% and 82.55%，84.13% and 63.64%，respectively，and the differences between all the rates above of the two groups were statistically significant（all P < 0.05） . When compared to those before intervention，the growing rates of the compliance rates of examination，treatment and chemotherapy of the intervention group were 20.97%，15.33% and 23.29%， respectively，while those of control group were 14.27%，4.17%，-3.77%，respectively，the growing rates of the intervention groups were higher than those of the control groups. Conclusions Conclusions Through the two?level community?based pattern of health edu? cation，the compliance rates of examination and treatment of the residents have improved，and therefore，the pattern is suitable for popularization and application in marshland and lake regions.

Study on value of IHA in diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonicaObjective

ZHOU Jie, GUAN Wei, WEI Fu-Rong, RUAN Yao, LI Sheng-Ming, XU Jing, GIA Tie-Wu, ZHOU Xiao-Nong

2016, 28(4):  375-380.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015252

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Objective To evaluate the value of indirect hemagglutination test（IHA）in schistosomiasis diagnosis. Meth Meth? ? ods ods The literature concerned schistosomiasis diagnosis with IHA in the databases of Medline，CNKI，VIP and Wanfang Data from 1982 to 2014 was collected and evaluated. Results Results Totally 21 articles which were satisfied with the research criteria were analyzed with the Meta?analysis method. The IHA method had high value in schistosomiasis diagnosis，the AUCSROC of IHA in laboratory evaluation was 0.990 6，while in filed evaluation was 0.832 9，and the difference between them was significant（Z = 4.50，P < 0.05） . Conclusion Conclusion The diagnosis value of IHA in field evaluation is less than that in laboratory. In the process of the elimination of schistosomiasis，developing a new and higher sensitive reagent in schistosomiasis diagnosis is needed.

Molecular structure and alternative splicing analysis of heat shock factors of Schistosoma japonicum

XIE Yu, LIAO Hai-Yan, CHEN Shu-Ji, SHI Ling-Yu, OU Li-Yan, TENG Ping-Ying, XIA Dan, CHEN Qi-Wei, ZHENG Si-Nan, ZHOU Xiao-Hong

2016, 28(4):  381-387.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016111

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Objective Objective To clone and identify the heat shock factors（HSFs）of Schistosoma japonicum and analyze its molec? ular structure and alternative splicing pattern. Methods Methods The New Zealand rabbits were infected with the cercariae of Schistoso? ma japonicum and were killed and dissected 42 days post?infection，and the adult worms of S. japonicum and the livers of the rabbits were harvested. Then，the total RNA was extracted by using Trizol reagent. The Sj?hsf open reading frame（ORF）and the alternative splicing fragments were amplified by RT?PCR from the female，male and egg samples，then cloned and verified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. DNAMAN 8.0，InterPro，Mega 6 combined with the Internet databases were utilized to clarify the gene structure，functional domains，alternative splicing pattern，and the homology and phylogenetic tree of HSFs. Re Re? ? sults sults Sj?hsf ORF and the alternative splicing fragments were amplified from the female，male and egg samples of S. japonicum by RT?PCR. After cloning，the positive recombinant plasmids pBSjHSFf?F，pBSjHSFf?M，pBSjHSFf?E containing Sj?hsf ORF， pBSjHSFs?F，pBSjHSFs?M，pBSjHSFs?E with Sj?hsf alternative splicing fragments were identified by enzyme digestion and se? quencing. Three alternative splicing Sj?hsf isoforms were observed through sequence analysis：Sj?hsf?isoform1（2 050 bp） ， Sj?hsf isoform2（2 086 bp）and Sj ? hsf ? isoform3（2 111 bp）；the GenBank accession numbers were KU954546，KX119143 and KX119144，respectively. All the three isoforms located in the same Contig SJC_S000780 of S. japonicum genome and all ex? pressed at female，male and egg stages，but Sj?hsf?isoform1 with a high?level expression. Sj?HSF?isoform1（671 aa）and Sj?HSF? isoform2（683 aa）had DBD（DNA binding domain），HR?A/B and HR?C domains，while Sj?HSF?isoform3（282 aa）stopped in advance without HR?C domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis of HSFs illustrated that Sj ?HSFs belonged to HSF1 family，with a close phylogenetic relationship to Sm?HSFs. Conclusions Conclusions There are three alternative splicing isoforms of Sj ?HSF existing in the female，male and egg stages of S. japonicum，but Sj?HSF?isoform1 expresses in a high?level. This study lays the foundation for further study on molecular mechanisms of Sj?HSFs in regulating the heat shock response system.

Enzyme kinetic analysis of Oncomelania hupensis exposed to active ingredient of Buddleja lindleyana（AIBL）

HAN Bang-Xin, CHEN Jun

2016, 28(4):  388-392.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015203

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Objective Objective To analyze the enzyme kinetics of active ingredient of Buddleja lindleyana （AIBL）against Oncomela? nia hupensis，the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. Methods Methods O. hupensis snails were placed in 1 000 ml of 3.55 mg/L AIBL solution for 24，48 h and 72 h，respectively，and the enzyme kinetics of alanine aminotransferase（GPT）was deter? mined by Reitman?Frankel assay，lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）by the chemical inhibition lactic acid substrate method，alka? line phosphatase（AKP）by the disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method，acetylcholine esterase（AChE）and malate de? hydrogenas（MDH）by ELISA，and succinate dehydrogenase（SDH）by the phenazine methyl sulfate reaction method（PMS）in the soft tissues of O. hupensis before and after AIBL treatment. Results Results Following exposure to 3.55 mg/L AIBL solution for 24 h， the GPT，LDH，and AKP activities significantly improved in the soft tissues of O. hupensis，while the SDH and MDH activities were significantly lowered in the head?foot and liver. However，AIBL treatment did not cause significant effect on AChE activity in O. hupensis. Conclusions Conclusions AIBL causes significant damages to O. hupensis liver and can efficiently act on anaerobic and aer? obic respiration loci，which will hinder energy metabolism，and cause inadequate energy supply in cells used for normal secre? tion， eventually leading to O. hupensis death.

Analysis of malaria epidemic situation and control in Hubei Province from 1974 to 2015

LI Kai-Jie, CAI Shun-Xiang, LIN Wen, XIA Jing, PEI Su-Jian, ZHANG Hua-Xun

2016, 28(4):  393-396.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016017

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Objective Objective To analyze the malaria control measures and epidemic trend in Hubei Province from 1974 to 2015， so as to provide the evidence for malaria elimination path analysis. Methods Methods The malaria control data in Hubei Province from 1974 to 2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results Results The epidemic pro? cess of malaria in Hubei Province was divided into four stages. From 1974 to 1979，it was high prevalence state of malaria，and the average annual incidence was 174.47/10 000. From 1980 to 1999，the main control strategies were to control the infection source and mosquitoes，and the average annual incidence was 17.30/10 000，significantly downward. From 2000 to 2009， through the surveillance of infection sources and controlling malaria outbreaks and strengthening the floating population manage? ment，the average annual incidence was 0.42/10 000. After 2010，followed by the elimination phase of malaria，the incidence continued to decline. In 2013，there was no local infection for the first time. The difference of average annual incidence among above?mentioned stages was statistically significant（χ2 = 1 254.36，P < 0.05） . Conclusions Conclusions The malaria epidemic process in Hubei Provincial experienced the high epidemic stage，sharply drop stage，low incidence phase and the elimination phase. How? ever，the natural factors affecting malaria still exist. Therefore，strengthening the control of imported malaria and surveillance should be the main task in the process of eliminating malaria in the future.

Epidemiological analysis of malaria prevalence in Sichuan Province, 2012-2014

LI Li, LIU Yang, XU Guo-Jun, YU Tao, ZOU Yan, WU Xiao-Hong, ZHONG Bo

2016, 28(4):  397-400.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016010

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Objective Objective To understand the characteristics of malaria prevalence in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2014，so as to provide evidences for improving the work of malaria elimination. Methods Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cases in Si? chuan Province were collected from the Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention，and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method. Results Results A total of 690 imported malaria cases were reported in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2014. In detail，54.49%（376/690）were falciparum malaria cases，42.03%（290/ 690）were vivax malaria cases，0.58%（4/690）were malariae malaria cases，1.88%（13/690）were ovale malaria cases，and 1.01%（7/690）were mixed infection cases with Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. Among them，five cases died. Totally 671 malaria cases were infected overseas，accounting for 97.25% of the total cases. Among which，517 patients returned from Africa and 138 patients returned from Southeast Asia. There were malaria cases reported in the whole year，and 185 cases were report? ed in May and June，accounting for 26.81% of the total cases. The cases distributed in 20 prefecture? level cities in the whole province，and there were 137 and 105 ones reported in Guangan and Chengdu，respectively，which accounted for 35.07% of the total cases. Conclusion Conclusion The number of patients with overseas imported malaria in Sichuan Province increases year by year， and therefore effective measures should be carried out to control the overseas imported malaria.

Analysis of highly cited papers related to malaria in Chinese journals from 2006 to 2013

DENG Yao, MO Jin-Yu, LI Jian

2016, 28(4):  401-405.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015204

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Objective Objective To analyze the highly cited malaria papers published in Chinese journals from 2006 to 2013，so as to provide the evidence for formulating the plan of selecting topics to the journal editors. Methods Methods The published articles related to malaria included in CNKI and Wanfang medical network from 2006 to 2013 were collected，and the highly cited papers were selected according to the citation frequency calculated by Price’ s formula. Then the characteristics of the highly cited papers were analyzed. Result Result From 2006 to 2013，a total of 1 976 published papers related to malaria were searched in Chinese jour? nals and 98 papers of them were selected as highly cited papers. In the highly cited papers，18 papers were published in China Tropical Medicine，and 16 and 15 papers were published in Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases and Chi? nese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control，respectively；and original articles accounted for 42.86%；the first authors of these pa? pers were from 44 institutions，and 40.91% of them were from centers for disease control and prevention（CDCs）；a percentage of 22.45% of the highly cited papers received fund programs，and most of them were national or provincial funds. The research hotspots were focused on the epidemiology and control，and epidemic situation of malaria. Conclusion Conclusion The highly cited papers related to malaria are mainly from CDCs and research institutions，and the related journals could use this information to chose topics and solicit contributions to improve their influence.

Multiple insecticide resistances and kdr mutation of Culex pipiens pallens in north-central Anhui Province

WEI Xing, YANG Xiao-Di, WANG Xiao-Li, LI Jiang-Yan, WANG Yuan-Yuan, XIA Hui, CHANG Xue-Lian, FANG Qiang

2016, 28(4):  406-410.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016012

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Objective Objective To understand the status of resistance to multiple insecticides and the frequencies of kdr mutations in Culex pipiens pallens from north? central Anhui Province. Methods Methods From July to September，2014，the C. pipiens pallens mosquito larvae were collected in Huaibei，Bengbu and Chuzhou cities of the north?central Anhui Province and reared to adults. The female adult mosquitoes at 3-5 days post emergence were tested for susceptibility to the four insecticides，namely 0.05% deltamethrin，5% malathion，0.1% bendiocarb and 4% DDT，by using the standard WHO resistance tube bioassay. The detec? tion of the point mutations of the kdr gene at codon 1014 was conducted by PCR and DNA sequencing in the deltamethrin?resis? tant and ?susceptible mosquitoes. Results Results High levels of resistance to all the four insecticides were found in all the three tested populations，although mosquito mortality varied among populations and test insecticides. Among the test insecticides，DDT showed lowest mortality with no significant difference（F = 1.027，P > 0.05）in all test populations，whereas significantly differ? ent mortalities were observed among populations for the remained three insecticides tested（deltamethrin，malathion，and ben? diocarb） （F = 23.823，33.955，128.841；all P < 0.01） . Two types of non? synonymous kdr mutation at codon position 1014 （L1014F and L1014S）were observed. A positive correlation between L1014F mutation frequencies and deltamethrin resistance levels were detected in the three mosquito populations（r 2 = 0.718，P < 0.01） . Conclusions Conclusions The observed high levels of resis? tance to multiple?insecticides coupled with the occurrence of medium to high kdr frequencies in populations of C. pipiens pallens could profoundly affect the mosquito vector control programme in China. The local health departments need to strengthen vector dynamic monitoring and implement rational resistance management strategies.

Analysis of polymorphism of Pfhrp2 gene in Plasmodium falciparum from falciparum malaria patients in Yunnan Province

DONG Ying, SUN Ai-Ming, CHEN Meng-Ni, XU Yan-Chun, MAO Xiang-Hua, DENG Yan, YANG Heng-Lin

2016, 28(4):  411-417.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016113

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Objective Objective To analyze the polymorphism of histidine rich protein 2（HRP II）gene in Plasmodium falciparum （Pfhrp2）from falciparum malaria patients in Yunnan Province，so as to lay the foundation for studying the defection of antigen genes of Plasmodium. Methods Methods The filter paper blood samples and related information of falciparum malaria cases reported were obtained in Yunnan Province from August 2012 to September 2015. Under the guidance of the specific primers，the exon2 regions in Pfhrp2 gene in P. falciparum from DNA samples were amplified by PCR，and the PCR products were sequenced. The sequences of exon2 region in Pfhrp2 gene were blasted by comparing with the reference sequences AY816237，AY816240，and AY816301. Next，the polymorphism of the sequence in exon2 region of Pfhrp2 gene was analyzed by MEGA 5.04 software. The conserved sites and genetic distances between sequences were calculated by using the software as well，and the clustering tree was drawn according to the genetic distances between the amino acid sequences. Results Results A total of 218 bloods samples from the falciparum malaria cases in 15 prefectures of Yunnan Province were collected，and the sources of infection included Yun? nan，Africa and Myanmar. The PCR results showed that the exon2 regions in Pfhrp2 genes of 155 samples were positive by am? plification and their products were sequenced successfully. The sequence analysis showed that the length range of the amino acid residues of exon2 region in Pfhrp2 gene was from 115 aa to 298 aa，the average length was 239.7 aa. There was no statistically significance among the means of the amino acid residues of the isolates from Africa（239.9 aa），Myanmar （239.5 aa）and Yun? nan（241.6 aa） （F = 0.025，P > 0.05） . All the 155 amino acid sequences ended with type 12 repeat，98.1%（152/155）of them started with type 1 repeat and 1.9%（3/155）of them started with type 2. Type 2 presented most frequently repeat in all the se? quences and the average repeat times were 12.9. The homologous locus of the DNA sequences in exon2 regions of the 155 Pfhrp2 genes was 894 bp，among which the conservative sites accounted for 20.6%（186/894），and the variable sites for 78.2%（699/ 894） . The genetic distances between the sequences of Africa isolates ranged from 0 to 0.741，and those of the Myanmar and Yun? nan isolates were 0-0.948 and 0-0.750，respectively. The cluster analysis showed that all the 155 sequences clustered into 3 cat? egories on genetic distances between amino acid sequences according to the size of the amino acid sequence length. At the same level，the sequences had approximate lengths and amino acid repeat types. Conclusion Conclusion The sequence of exon2 region in Pfhrp2 gene of P. falciparum from falciparum malaria cases in Yunnan Province is highly polymorphic，the P. falciparum iso? lates are clustered mainly according to the size of the amino acid sequence of exon2 region in Pfhrp2 gene.

Investigation on epidemic foci of paragonimiasis in eastern part of Zhenghe County, Fujian Province

LIN Ben-Xiang, WEI Huan-Wang, LI You-Song, WU Shi-Qing, KONG Fan-Zhen, FAN Zhi-Jin, TANG Bao-Gui, CHEN Cai

2016, 28(4):  418-421.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016020

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Objective Objective To investigate the species and hosts of Paragonimus and its infection rate in eastern part of Zhenghe County，Fujian Province，so as to determine the local foci of Paragonimus. Methods Methods The snails，crabs and stools of wild cats were collected for the examinations of cercariae，metacercariae and eggs of Paragonimus. The geographical and environmental conditions of the areas were also investigated. Results Results A total of 4 890 Pseudobythinella jianouensis snails and 1 035 Semisul? cospira liberlina snails were examined，and the cercariae of Paragonimus were only found in P. jianouensis，with an infection rate of 0.10%（5/4 890） . Bottapotamon zhengheensis sp. nov. as the second intermediate host of P. skrjabini，were examined， and the infection rate was 85.29%（29/34）and the average numbers of metacercariae per crab and per gram of crab tissues were 3.85 and 0.62，respectively. Thirty?six Sinopotamun fujianensis crabs，as the second intermediate host of P. westermani，were examined，and the infection rate was 38.89%（14/36）and the average numbers of metacercariae per crab and per gram of crab tissues were 6.43 and 0.03，respectively. The eggs of Paragonimus were detected in 1 of 2 muck specimens of wild cats. Conclu Conclu? ? sion sion The data suggest that there is a focus of middle?to?high level of infection caused by P. westermani and P. skrjabini in the eastern part of Zhenghe County.

Population dynamics and spatial distribution pattern of Aleuroglyphus ovatus

SUN En-Tao, GU Sheng-Li, LIU Ting, WANG Shao-Sheng, LI Chao-Pin

2016, 28(4):  422-425.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016016

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Objective Objective To characterize the population dynamics and spatial distribution of Aleuroglyphus ovatus in the flour warehouse，so as to provide the basic evidence for improving the sampling guidelines that are essential for effective pest monitor? ing and management. Methods Methods The samples from flour warehouses of four localities were collected，examined and counted for A. ovatus in every month in Wuhu City. The dispersion pattern target，Iwao m*/ - x regression analysis and Taylor power method were used for analyzing the spatial distribution pattern of A. ovatus in the flour warehouses. Results Results The peaks of population dynamics of A. ovatus were discovered in July and September，respectively. The indexes of dispersion were as follows：I > 0， CA > 0，m*/ - x > 1. At the same time，the parameters in the equation of Iwao：m*=5.471+1.022 - x（r = 0.999）and Taylor： lgS2 = 0.697+1.111 lg - x（r = 0.987）showed that the spatial distribution pattern of A. ovatus was assembled. Conclusion Conclusion The peaks of population dynamics of A. ovatus in the flour warehouse are bimodal pattern，and the spatial distribution pattern of A. ovatus is assembled.

Analysis of soil components along water channel of east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project

BAI Ai-Ying, SUN Jie, LI Jing-Chao, ZHAO Chang-Lei, XU Bei-Shuang, MIAO Feng

2016, 28(4):  426-428.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016062

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Objective Objective To explore the relationship between the soil components along the areas of the east route of the South? to?North Water Diversion Project and the survival situation of Oncomelania hupensis snails. Methods Methods Four study sites were se? lected along the project，and soil samples were collected to analyze the components. The amounts of components among the dif? ferent study sites were compared statistically. Results Results Except zinc，sodium，and phosphorus，the contents of the soil compo? nents where the snails survived were different from those where snails were dead（t = -19.150 to 12.810，all P < 0.01） . Howev? er，the logistic regression analysis did not obtain a model with statistical significance. Conclusions Conclusions O. hupensis snails live in the soil with adequate organic matter and neutral pH value. Along with the global warming and the operation of the South? to? North Water Diversion Project，O. hupensis snails may survive in the northern area，and therefore，the surveillance work should be strengthened.

Investigation on Cheyletoidea mites breeding in culture environment of Eupolyphaga sinensis and morphologic observation of Eucheyletia reticulata Cunliffe

TAO Ning, GUO Wei, WANG Shao-Sheng, LI Chao-Pin

2016, 28(4):  429-431.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015227

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Objective Objective To investigate the species of Cheyletoidea mites breeding in the culture environment of Eupolyphaga sinensis and to observe the morphology of Eucheyletia reticulata Cunliffe. Methods Methods The soil samples from an E. sinensis farm in northern Anhui were collected. The mites in the soil samples were separated directly under a microscope and the glass speci? mens were made to observe the morphological feature of the mites under a light microscope，then the mites species were identi? fied and classified based on the morphological characteristics. Results Results In the culture soil of E. sinensis，totally 7 kinds of Chey? letoidea mites were isolated，namely Eucheyletia reticulata Cunliffe，Cheyletus eruditus Schrank，Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans，Cheyletus troussarti Oudemans，Cheyletus aveisor Rohdendorz，Acaropsis sollers Rohdendorz and Cheletomor? pha lepidopterorum Shaw. They belonged to genera Eucheyletia，Cheletomorpha，Acaropsis and Cheyletus of Cheyletidae Leach family. The Eucheyletia reticulata Cunliffe was firstly found in the culture environment of E. sinensis，and its gnathosoma was large，the pedipalpal femurs were expanding and there were two strips of comb hair and two smooth bristles on the pedipal? pal tarsus，and the back of the body was covered with two pieces of tergum，which were decorated with reticular pattern. The body and foot setae were fan?shape. . Conclusions Conclusions There are various of Cheyletoidea mites found in the breeding environment of E. sinensis. These mites are important species for pest control in the culture environments of E. sinensis. Related measures should be taken to prevent the excessive growth of Cheyletoidea mites，so as to avoid the adverse effects on the quality and quan? tity of E. sinensis.

Risk factors of Schistosoma japonicum infection in Xingzi County

XIAO Guo-Liang, ZHAI Min-Ling, TAO Bo, JIANG Qiu-Lin, LIU Jian-Ping, XI Qing-Hua, ZHOU Xian-Min, LU Qu-Qin

2016, 28(4):  432-434.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015221

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Objective Objective To explore the risk factors of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the residents in Xingzi County，Ji? angxi Province. Methods Methods Six administrative villages from different areas were randomly selected by the cluster sampling meth? od as the study sites in Xingzi Country in 2013，and all the residents aged 5 years or above were investigated epidemiologically， and the schistosome infection was surveyed by Kato?Katz technique. The risk factors of schistosomiasis were analyzed by using the Chi?square test analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model. Results Results In 2013，there were 2 050 residents received the stool examination and 146 persons were positive，the schistosome infection rate was 7.1%. The Chi?square test showed that gender，age，occupation and education level were associated with the population infection rate（χ2 = 26.485、 16.836、 25.700、 90.805， all P < 0.05） . The multivariate Logistic regression mode showed that the probability of schistosomiasis for the male was 3.041 times as much as that for the female；the probability of schistosomiasis for the illiteracy and primary education level crowd was 8.870 times as much as that for the college degree or above crowed；the probability of schistosomiasis for the junior middle school education level crowd was 5.598 times as much as that for the college degree or above crowed；the probability of schistoso? miasis for the high school education level crowd was 2.995 times as much as that for the college degree or above crowed；the probability of infection of fishermen was the highest，which was 3.053 times as much as that for the other professional crowds. Conclusions Conclusions The risk factors of schistosome infection mainly include gender，occupation and the education level. We should strengthen the health education of schistosomiasis control， protection against the infested water contact， and so on.

Surveillance of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province in 2014

ZHANG Juan, SHAN Xiao-Wei, CAI Shun-Xiang, ZHOU Xiao-Rong, CHEN Yan-Yan, LIU Jian-Bing

2016, 28(4):  435-437.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015250

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Objective Objective To analyze the surveillance results of schistosomiasis and understand the transmission situation in Hu? bei Province in 2014. Methods Methods According to the Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in Hubei Province（the 2009 edi? tion） ，207 endemic sites were selected，where the schistosome infections of residents and livestock，and the distribution of On? comelania hupensis snails were investigated. Results Results In the 207 sites，there were 27 sites without positive results of the blood tests and 129 sites without positive results of the stool tests. The infection rates of residents and cattle were 0.17% and 0，respec? tively. The density of living snails was 0.339 3 snails/0.1m2 ，the rate of living snails was 10.12%，and the infection rate of snails was 0. The infection rate of residents in the inner embankment type was 0.22%，higher than the rates in the other types. In differ? ent age groups，the infection rate in the 50-59 years age group was higher than the rates in other age groups. The infection rates of residents in farmer and fisherman were higher than those in the other occupation groups. The infection rate of floating people was 0，and no acute schistosomiasis patients were found. Conclusion Conclusion The endemic situation of schistosomiasis has decreased obviously in Hubei Province，and the whole province has achieved the criteria for transmission control of schistosomiasis.

Analysis of endemic status of schistosomiasis in Gaoyou City from 1970 to 2009

GAO Jin-Bin, WAN Zhong, HUANG Ya-Min, ZHU Yu-Fang, HE Yong

2016, 28(4):  438-440.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015166

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Objective Objective To explore the changing rule of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Gaoyou City，so as to provide the evidences for schistosomiasis control in lake and marshland regions. Methods Methods The endemic data of schistosomiasis of Gaoy? ou City from 1970 to 2009 were collected to analyze the endemic patterns of schistosomiasis in different control stages compre? hensively. Results Results In the first years of infection control stage（1970-1975），transmission control stage（1976-1994）and transmission interruption stage（1995-2009），the prevalence rates of schistosomiasis were 4.20%，0.80% and 0 in human and 3.00%，0.51% and 0 in cattle respectively. In 1984，the positive rate of crowd stool tests fell to 0.04%，which was reduced by 99.05% compared with that in 1970. From 1970 to 1980，the positive rates of stool tests of people and livestock were positively correlated significantly（r = 0.67，P < 0.05） . After 1985，no local infection patients or cattle were found. No schistosome infect? ed Oncomelania hupensis snails were found from 1970 to 2009. Conclusion Conclusion The comprehensive control measures have been insisted in Gaoyou City in different prevention and control stages. Although the snail situation is undulate，the prevalence of schistosomiasis steadily declines and the interruption of transmission has achieved.

Analysis of malaria epidemic situation in Changzhou City from 2010 to 2014

ZHU Shi-Ying, XIE Yi-Qing, HE Ming-Zhen, WANG Wei-Ming

2016, 28(4):  441-443.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015213

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Objective Objective To grasp the malaria epidemic situation in Changzhou City from 2010 to 2014，so as to provide the ev? idence for formulating and adjusting malaria control strategies and measures. Methods Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cas? es in the special report system from 2010 to 2014 were collected，and the malaria epidemic situation and the diagnosis and treat? ment of malaria patients were analyzed. Results Results There were 132 malaria cases reported in Changzhou City from 2010 to 2014， with a decrease of 27.47% compared to 182 cases from 2005 to 2009. Among the 132 cases，2 cases were local infected cases and the remaining 130 cases were imported cases. Four cases were clinically diagnosed and 128 cases were laboratory con? firmed，with 97 cases of malignant malaria，14 cases of vivax malaria，13 cases of ovale malaria，and 4 cases of quartan malar? ia. The 132 cases were distributed in five districts：56 cases in Jintan City，51 cases in Liyang City，19 cases in Tianning Dis? trict，3 cases in Wujin District，and 3 cases in Xinbei District. The median duration between the onset and treatment of the dis? ease was 2 days，and the median duration between the diagnosis and treatment was 1 day. The diagnosing units were concentrat? ed on the county?level disease control agencies，and medical institutions at county and municipal levels，accounting for 92.42% （122/132） . From 2011 to 2014，there were no local malaria cases. Conclusions Conclusions From 2012 to 2014，there have been no local malaria cases in Changzhou City，and the goal of eliminating malaria has been achieved basically. However，there are still many imported malaria cases，and the infected species are diverse. Therefore，imported malaria is still the key of malaria prevention and control.

Investigation and analysis of overseas imported malaria prevalence in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014

YANG Cheng-Yun, QIAN Dan, CHEN Wei-Qi, LIU Ying, ZHOU Rui-Min, ZHANG Hong-Wei

2016, 28(4):  444-446.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015200

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Objective Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of imported malaria in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014，so as to provide the evidence for proposing the reasonable suggestions for imported malaria prevention and control. Meth Meth? ? ods ods The data of imported malaria were collected and the epidemic characteristics were analyzed in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014. Results Results A total of 569 imported malaria cases were reported in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014，including 445 cas? es of falciparum malaria，48 cases of vivax malaria，61 cases of ovale malaria，14 cases of quartan malaria，and 1 case of mixed infection. All the malaria cases were confirmed in laboratory. During the three years，the time of higher incidence was in Spring Festival，and May and June，and the cases mainly distributed in Luoyang，Zhengzhou，Puyang，Xinxiang，Anyang，Xuchang and Nanyang cities，accounting for 68.54%. Totally 82.43% of the patients were male youth and middle?aged. Of the 569 pa? tients， 534（93.85%）returned from Africa and 35（6.15%）returned from Southeast Asian countries. The average time was 6.22 d and the median was 4 d from the onset to diagnosis. Among 569 cases，290（50.97%）were confirmed by different levels of cen? ters for disease prevention and control，and 279（49.03%）were diagnosed by different levels of medical institutions. Conclu Conclu? ? sions sions The imported malaria cases have been increased obviously in recent 3 years in Henan Province. Therefore，the health ed? ucation for the knowledge about malaria prevention and control，and the technician training should be strengthened.

Analysis of malaria epidemic situation in Pingguo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1951 to 2014

DENG Ji-Guang, YU Shui-Lan, HUANG Jian-Hua, HUANG Shi

2016, 28(4):  447-449.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015188

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Objective Objective To explore the law and distribution characteristics of malaria prevalence in Pingguo County，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，so as to provide the evidence for formulating the targeted control strategy and measures after malar? ia elimination. Methods Methods The data of malaria epidemic situation in Pingguo County from 1951 to 2014 were collected and ana? lyzed with the retrospective epidemiological method. Results Results From 1951 to 2014，there were 71 365 malaria cases reported in the county. The malaria incidence dropped from 429.43/10 000 in 1960 to 0 in 1993. Since 2002，there was no local endogenous infection case reported. In 1993，this county achieved the standard of malaria elimination basically，and in 2014，passed the ex? amination and evaluation of malaria elimination. Conclusions Conclusions In Pingguo County，the comprehensive malarial control strategy is effective in different stages. In the future，the monitoring of mobile population and dealing with imported malaria cases timely is the key of consolidation of malaria control achievements.

Epidemiological situation of human parasitic diseases through three investigations in Jinhu County, Jiangsu Province

LI Shu-Mei, SUN Dao-Kuan, ZHANG Cui-Ping, CHEN De-Zhen, LI Qian

2016, 28(4):  450-452.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015251

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Objective Objective To understand the epidemiological situation of human parasitic diseases in Jinhu County，so as to pro? vide the evidence for formulating further control strategy. Methods Methods The investigated local residents were sampled by the ran? dom cluster sampling method in 1989，1999 and 2015. The infections of intestinal helminthes were detected by Kato?Katz tech? nique，the eggs of Enterubius vermicularis were examined by cellophane anal swab for children，the intestinal protozoa were ex? amined by the saline smear and iodine staining methods. Results Results The total rates of parasitic infections were 62.57%，9.32% and 0.49% in 1989，1999 and 2015，respectively. Compared to those in 1989 and in 1999，the infection rate in 2015 was de? creased by 99.22% and 94.74%，respectively. The numbers of detected parasite species were 14，10 and 4 in 1989，1999 and 2015，respectively. The intensities of infections were mainly mild in three investigations，and the intensities of all the infections in 2015 were mild. The species of infected parasites were mainly single，however，multiple infections were observed in 1989，in? cluding 4 parasite species（0.72%）and 3 parasite species（7.02%） . Only in 1989，the difference between sexes was significant and the infection rate of the female was higher than that of the male（χ2 ＝18.01，P＜0.01） . Conclusions Conclusions The infection rates of human parasites are decreased gradually and stabilized at the low level in Jinhu County. However，the surveillance work still should be strengthened to consolidate the achievement.

Study on Histiostomas apromyzarum breeding in traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma bletillae

CHAI Qiang, TAO Ning, ZHAN Xiao-Dong, LI Chao-Pin

2016, 28(4):  453-455.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015237

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Objective Objective To investigate the Histiostomas apromyzarum breeding in traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Bletillae. Methods Methods The scurf and dust of R. bletillae were obtained by brushing，and the mites samples were separated and identified. Results Results Totally 520 g samples were collected，and 56 adult mites（female?male ratio 0.12）and 18 dormant bodies were obtained from the samples，and they were identified as H. apromyzarum with an average breeding density of 0.14/g. Con Con? ? clusion clusion H. apromyzarum could breed on the traditional Chinese medicine R. bletillae，and the corresponding control mea? sures should be strengthened.

Status and challenges for schistosomiasis in transmission-interrupted areas in Jiangxi Province

CHEN Zhe, LIN Dan-Dan

2016, 28(4):  456-460.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016053

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This report analyzes the status of schistosomiasis epidemic，surveillance and challenges in transmission?interrupt? ed areas of Jiangxi Province. There are 24 schistosomiasis transmission interrupted counties（cities，districts）among 39 endem? ic counties（cities，districts） . Among the 24 counties，there are 6 counties with Oncomelania hupensis snails and 461 villages endemic，with 1.29 million residents. Since 2009，there have not been acute and chronic cases of schistosomiasis and all the pa? tients are historical advanced schistosomiasis cases. The area with snail habitats is 37.02 hm2 . Since 2015，the schistosomiasis surveillance has covered the entire transmission interrupted areas. However，there are still many challenges，such as endemic in? stability，weak surveillance capacity，lack of surveillance awareness and other issues. Towards the schistosomiasis elimination， the surveillance should be based on the snail monitoring mainly，supplemented by the mobile population monitoring，and in ad? dition， the capacity building，standardized report of endemic，and snail habitat reform should also be further strengthened.

Analysis of demands of African students for China-Africa malaria prevention training

WANG Qi, WANG Jie, LI Dong-Tong, CAO Jun, XIE Zheng

2016, 28(4):  461-464.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015228

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Objective Objective To understand the demands of African students on the China?Africa malaria prevention training pro? grams as well as explore further suggestions on the student selection and course content design. Methods Methods A self?administered questionnaire survey was conducted，and all the students who attended in the malaria prevention training courses in 2014 and 2015 were included. The Chi?square test was conducted to analyse the correlations between professional backgrounds，work stat? ues and training needs. Results Results A total of 161 individuals were sampled eventually. These participants were trained in either English（58.4%）or French（41.6%） . Most of the participants were male（69.3%），the major of them were mainly clinical tech? nology specialty（40.0%），and most of them worked in malaria area within 10 years（56.4%） . Moreover，48.2% of the partici? pants used more than 76% of total work time on malaria control，and more than 80% worked in national or provincial/municipal level. The working areas of these participants were focused on clinical field（41.4%）and official field（29.9%），and only a few of them were from research positions（11.9%） . The most needed course content in malaria training was strategy and epidemiolo? gy knowledge for malaria prevention and control（65.5%），while clinical workers were most needed to be trained（39.2%） . The participants who came from French speaking countries preferred strategy training（χ2 = 12.528，P < 0.01），and those worked in the national level were aslo more likely to choose strategies training course（χ2 = 10.508，P < 0.05） . Conclusions Conclusions Currently， the China ?Africa malaria prevention training programs could basically satisfy African students’needs. However，more aimed courses should be designed according to their professional backgrounds，national situation，work experiences on malaria con? trol，and institutional levels.

Epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Hailing District, Taizhou City from 2010 to 2015

ZHAO Yang

2016, 28(4):  465-466.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016114

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Objective Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Hailing District，Taizhou City，so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective prevention and control strategy. Methods Methods The network reports， questionnaires and epidemic reports of imported malaria cases in Hailing District from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Results From 2010 to 2015，totally 46 cases of imported malaria were reported，including 40 cases of falci? parum malaria（86.96%），4 cases of ovale malaria（8.70%），1 case of quartan malaria（2.17%）and 1 case of multi?infection of falciparum malaria and tertian malaria（2.17%） . No seasonal trend of time of the disease onset was observed. All the patients were return abroad with clear residence histories in malaria epidemic areas. The average time from disease onset to definite diag? nosis was 2 d and 8 patients were definitely diagnosed within 24 h. All the 46 patients were cured. Conclusion Conclusion All the malaria cases reported were imported cases in Hailing District in the last five years. Effective prevention and control measures are the key to the malaria elimination.

Quality analysis of malaria blood smears of fever patients in Changzhou City in 2014

XIE Yi-Qing, HE Ming-Zhen, ZOU Yong-Gen, ZHU Shi-Ying

2016, 28(4):  467-469.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015233

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Objective Objective To understand the quality of blood smears for Plasmodium detection in Changzhou City，so as to pro? vide the technical support for malaria surveillance in the post?elimination period. Methods Methods The blood smears of fever patients from each cities（districts）in Changzhou City in 2014， including more than 3% of the negatives and all the positives，were se? lected. The quality of the blood smear making，dyeing，cleanliness and results were reviewed by the experts from the municipal malaria microscopy station，and the data were analyzed statistically. Results Results Totally 996 negative blood smears were reviewed in 2014，with a review rate of 4.52%. The qualified rates of blood smear making，dyeing and cleanliness were 92.87%，93.27% and 94.48%，respectively. A total of 34 positive blood smears were reviewed，and there were no false detections and leak detec? tions. The qualified rates of blood smear making and dyeing were more than 90% in all the seven cities（districts） . As for quali? fied rate of cleanliness，except the rate in Qishuyan District（81.36%），those in the other six cities（districts）were all above 90%. The qualified rates of blood smear making，dyeing and cleanliness were all more than 90% in first?class，second?class and third?class hospitals. The major quality defects of the blood smears were sediment，abnormal making and thick membrane shed? ding，and the proportions were 25.91%，21.76% and 19.17%，respectively. Conclusions Conclusions The quality of blood smears for Plas? modium detection in Changzhou City is satisfying. In the future，the training and supervision still should be strengthened to guar? antee the capacity of microscopic examinations for Plasmodium detection in the surveillance of post?elimination period.

Clinical characteristics of 96 patients with advanced schistosomiasis in Yingcheng City

ZHU Yi, JI Min

2016, 28(4):  470-471.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016121

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Objective Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of patients with advanced schistosomiasis in Yingcheng City，so as to provide evidences for the assistance work of advanced schistosomiasis. Methods Methods The clinical data of all the ad? vanced schistosomiasis patients in Yingcheng City were collected and analyzed. Results Results Up to December 30，2014，there were 96 advanced schistosomiasis patients in Yingcheng City，among which，68 cases（70.8%）were male，28 cases（29.2%） were female，and their average age was 64.2 years. Most of the patients（90.6%）were ascitic type，followed by splenomegaly type（5.2%），colon proliferation type（2.1%），and dwarf type（2.1%） . Totally 48 cases（50.0%）were positive in immunologi? cal detections，among which 8 cases（8.3%）were positive in ELISA and 12 cases（12.5%）were positive in IHA. For all the 4 indexes of hepatic fibrosis（HA，LN，CIV and PCⅢ），only 15 cases（15.6%）were normal. Conclusions Conclusions Though Yingcheng City has reached the criteria of transmission control，the hepatic fibrosis of some patients continues to progress. Therefore，the intensity of the treatment and assistance could not be weakened， especially for those of the ascitic type patients.

Diagnosis and treatment of imported African schistosomiasis

DENG Wei-Cheng, BAI Ding-Hua, LI Zhi-Jian, HE Yong, DING Guo-Jian, ZHU Yong-Hui, LIU Jia-Xin, JING Qun-Shan, WANG Hong-Bo, LEN Guang-Hui, DENG Yi

2016, 28(4):  472-474.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016005

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This paper summarizes the clinical diagnosis and treatment of imported African schistosomiasis，in order to make the therapeutic standards. Imported African schistosomiasis includes mainly schistosomiasis haematobia and schistosomiasis mansoni in China. In order to set up the operational standards，enhance diagnostic and cure rates，and reduce the complica? tions，we review the related literature combined with our experience over years，and summarize，in this paper，the pathogenic mechanism，and key points of clinical diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis haematobia and schistosomiasis mansoni，so as to provide the reference for clinical doctors.

Laboratory analysis of the first case of imported oval malaria in Rizhao City

LI Chao, ZHANG Ying, XIAO Ting

2016, 28(4):  475-477.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2015201

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Objective Objective To diagnose the first imported case of Plasmodium ovale infection by laboratory detection. Meth Meth? ? ods ods The epidemiological data and blood samples of the case were collected，and the samples were detected by the microscopic examination，rapid diagnostic test（RDT）and nested PCR. Results Results The patient was a construction worker backing from Con? go，Africa. He experienced the symptoms of irregular fever and weakness one month after returning in Lingyang Town，Junxian County. The results of RDT only suggested no?Plasmodium falciparum infection. Under the microscope，it was seen that the in? fected RBC were obviously disfigured and in irregular shape，the ring forms were thick and big，and also thick granulas in big trophozoite stage and schizont stage were found. The results of PCR showed that the size of amplified product was about 800 bp， which was conformed to that of P. ovale. Conclusion Conclusion Though microscopic examination is the golden standard for malaria diag? nosis，as P. ovale is difficult to be identified under microscope，the microscopic method combined with PCR test can be used for definite diagnosis.

One hepatic echinococcosis patient complicated with systemic sclerosis

ZHAO Qin, WANG Chun-Yan, SHEN Hai-Li, WANG Xin, LIANG Li-Jun, LU Jin-Yue

2016, 28(4):  478-480.  DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016140

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This article reports one hepatic echinococcosis patient complicated with systemic sclerosis. His clinical manifesta? tions were the progressive fibrosis of the skin，sour regurgitation，and belching. The blood examination showed that eosinophils was reduced，and antinuclear antibody（ANA）was positive at 1 ∶100 in cytoplasm particle type. He was given prednisone ace? tate 25 mg，q. d.，aspirin 100 mg，q. d.，centella triterpenes cream 12 mg t. i. d.，esomeprazole 40 mg q. d.，and domperidone 10 mg t. i. d. After one week，the Rodnan skin score reduced from 27 to 17. The liver hydatid cyst resection was performed，and the follow?up showed that his clinical manifestations improved and the Rodnan skin score reduced further.