Table of Content

23 February 2017, Volume 29 Issue 1

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Playing the guiding roles of national criteria and precisely eliminating schistosomiasis in P. R. China

XU Jing, LI Shi-Zhu, CHEN Jia-Xu, WEN Li-Yong, ZHOU Xiao-Nong

2017, 29(1):  1-4. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1081KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination （GB 15976-2015） and Diagnostic Criteria for Schistosomiasis （WS 261-2006） are the only two national health criteria related to schistosomiasis control program implemented in P. R. China. The roles of criteria to guide and accelerate the transition from schistosomiasis control to elimination are concluded， based on this systematic review how the criteria led the implementation of the medium? and long?term national plan and provided the guidance when drafting the thirteen?five years national plan for schistosomiasis， and the suggestion to draft more criteria related to schistosomiasis elimination program and strengthening the implementation of current criteria， so as to precisely guide the schistosomiasis elimination program in P. R. China.

Dynamic simulation analysis of effects of project of ditching for drain on Oncomelania hupensis snail control and flood prevention security in Dongting Lake region

ZHU Zheng, WEI Wang-Yuan, LIU Qian-Hui, HU Ben-Jiao, SUN Ze-Min

2017, 29(1):  5-11. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2455KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the effects of the project of ditching for drain on Oncomelania hupensis snail control and flood prevention security and explore the optimal engineering design plan in Dongting Lake region. Methods A retrospective study was performed on the previous studies about the project of ditching for drain. The reference values of project indices were determined. The outside levee of Nanhu New Distinct of Yueyang City in Dongting Lake region was selected as the study area， and the cross section of marshland perpendicular to the center line of the levee was extracted to research. According to the situations of various water levels， a dynamic simulation was performed on the effect and security of the project of ditching for drain through the software FLAC3D. Results The retrospective study showed that the project would be effective when the relatively subsoil water level decreased by 0.35 m， and the soil water content decreased correspondingly. The dynamic simulation by FLAC3D showed that the minimum safe distances between transverse ditch 1， vertical ditch and levee toe should be 25 m and 13 m respectively. The digging depth of transverse ditch and vertical ditch should be 1.2 m and 1.0 m respectively. If the width of marshland in drought period was less than 500 m， one transverse ditch was efficient. Otherwise， more transverse ditches should be set with the intervals of 300 m. Conclusions The project of ditching for drain is an effective ecological snail elimination method. Optimizing the digging depth of ditches and distances between transverse ditches， vertical ditch and levee toe will ensure the effects and security of the project.

Maximum entropy model versus remote sensing-based methods for extracting Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats

XIA Cong-Cong, LU Cheng-Fang, LI Si, ZHANG Tie-Jun, LIN Sui-Heng, HU Yi, LIU Ying, ZHANG Zhi-Jie

2017, 29(1):  12-17. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2215KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the technique of maximum entropy model for extracting Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats in Poyang Lake zone. Methods The information of snail habitats and related environment factors collected in Poyang Lake zone were integrated to set up the maximum entropy based species model and generate snail habitats distribution map. Two Landsat 7 ETM+ remote sensing images of both wet and drought seasons in Poyang Lake zone were obtained， where the two indices of modified normalized difference water index （MNDWI） and normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） were applied to extract snail habitats. The ROC curve， sensitivities and specificities were applied to assess their results. Furthermore， the importance of the variables for snail habitats was analyzed by using Jackknife approach. Results The evaluation results showed that the area under receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC） of testing data by the remote sensing?based method was only 0.56， and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.23 and 0.89 respectively. Nevertheless， those indices above?mentioned of maximum entropy model were 0.876， 0.89 and 0.74 respectively. The main concentration of snail habitats in Poyang Lake zone covered the northeast part of Yongxiu County， northwest of Yugan County， southwest of Poyang County and middle of Xinjian County， and the elevation was the most important environment variable affecting the distribution of snails， and the next was land surface temperature （LST）. Conclusions The maximum entropy model is more reliable and accurate than the remote sensing?based method for the sake of extracting snail habitats， which has certain guiding significance for the relevant departments to carry out measures to prevent and control high?risk snail habitats.

Emergency response and effect evaluation on schistosomiasis control in rescue of shipwreck event in Yangtze River

YUAN Yi, CAI Shun-Xiang, HUANG Xi-Bao, ZHU Hong, HE Hui, ZHOU Xiao-Rong, LIU Han-Cheng, JIANG Yong, LI Bo

2017, 29(1):  18-23. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1119KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in “Oriental Star shipwreck event” in Jianli County， Hubei Province， so as to provide experiences for schistosomiasis prevention and control in rescue of emergency in the future. Methods According to the data of historical schistosomiasis prevalence and the results of the field survey in the townships in the upstream and downstream of the rescue spots， the emergency handling measures of schistosomiasis control were evaluated. Meanwhile， the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation， priority crowd chemotherapy， key aquatic monitoring， and illness monitoring of people and livestock were investigated to evaluate the schistosomiasis control effect after the events comprehensively. Results There were no schistosome?infected snails found in the place of shipwreck and the rescue spots. The average density of O. hupensis snails in 5 townships of Jianli County was 0.064 snails/0.1 m2 ， and there were no infected snails found. The positive rate of 2 090 migrants in the schistosomiasis serologic tests was 0.29% and there were no positive ones found in the fecal examination. There were no acute schistosomiasis cases found by the sentinel surveillance fever clinics， and also no positive cattle were found. The results of sentinel mice monitoring in the place of shipwreck and 4 villages in the upstream and downstream showed no infected mice were found. Conclusion The schistosomiasis control measures taken after the shipwreck is effective， which achieves the goal of no schistosomiasis transmission after emergency.

Geographical features of malaria in Yunnan Province

MAO Xiang-Hua, WEI Chun, TANG Ye-Rong, DONG Ying, DENG Yan, WANG Jian, CHEN Meng-Ni, XU Yan-Chun, SUN Xiao-Dong

2017, 29(1):  24-27. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2557KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the geographical features of malaria in Yunnan Province， so as to provide the reference for malaria elimination. Methods The data of malaria in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results Totally 2 586 malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2015， in which 274 （10.60%） were local cases and 2 311 （89.37%） were abroad imported， and one （0.03%） was domestic imported. The imported malaria cases and local cases were analyzed according to the sources and locations respectively， and the arithmetic means of the numbers of imported and local cases were 96.29 and 10.96 respectively， the standard deviations of the numbers of imported and local cases were 421.18 and 19.12 respectively， and the difference of the means was not significant （Z = - 0.326， P > 0.10）. Both the imported and local malaria cases could be clustered into five sections by the number of 5. The Herfendal?Hirshman indexes of the imported and local malaria cases were 8 121 and 1 598 respectively. Conclusions There is no significant difference of the distribution between the imported and local malaria cases， and they should be attaching equal importance. The non?uniform degree of imported cases is higher than that of the local cases， while both of them could be divided into five major clusters in the prevention and control work.

Establishment of malaria early warning system in Jiangsu Province Ⅷ Malaria vector monitoring in Jiangsu Province

WANG Wei-Ming, ZHOU Hua-Yun, ZHU Guo-Ding, TANG Jian-Xia, CAO Yuan-Yuan, LI Ju-Lin, CAO Jun

2017, 29(1):  28-32. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1132KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the population， density， seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province， thus to provide evidences for malaria elimination in this province. Methods Seven counties （cities， districts） were selected as the monitoring sites for malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015. The mosquitoes were captured by human bait trapping in bed nets and mosquito?lured lamp overnight， and the seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors were observed. Results A total of 11 041 Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes were captured by the mosquito?lured lamps in 7 counties of Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015， and no An. anthropophagous was found. Among all the 7 monitoring sites， the number of An. sinensis captured in Sihong County was the most （6 742 mosquitoes）， while that in Xuyu County was the least （34 mosquitoes）. During this period， the density peaks of An. sinensis were the first half of July， the first half of August and the second half of July. A total of 2 421 An. sinensis were collected in 7 monitoring sites from 2013 to 2015 by human bait trapping in bed nets overnight. Among all the 7 monitoring sites， the captured number of An. sinensis in Sihong County was the most （1 085 mosquitoes）， while that in Ganyu County was the least （13 mosquitoes）. The nocturnal peak of An. sinensis was from 19：00 to 20：00 and 525 An. sinensis mosquitoes were captured during this period of time， which accounted for 21.68% of the total. Hereafter， the captured number of An. sinensis reduced over time. Conclusion The density of An. sinensis mosquitoes is still high in individual areas in Jiangsu Province， so the epidemic and vector monitoring still should be strengthened to prevent the local transmission of imported malaria.

Malaria epidemiological situation in Wuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1950 to 2015

LI Qi-Ming, LIAN Lian, PAN Gui-Qiu, LI Chi-Sen, LIN Mu-Chang, XU Jia-Jie, LIN Kang-Ming, LI Jun, HUANG Ya-Ming

2017, 29(1):  33-37. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1261KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To review and investigate the malaria control history of Wuzhou City， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1950 to 2015， so as to provide the evidence for future malaria control and surveillance. Methods The data of malaria control in Wuzhou City from 1950 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results In 1950 decade， the malaria incidence in Wuzhou City was 1 435.55/100 000， higher than the average level in Guangxi， and the mortality of malaria was 0.95/100 000. The malaria incidence of local residents was reduced to 3.61/100 000 in 1979 and no local malaria case was found since. The imported malaria cases were found in Wuzhou City since 1980， and were more than local cases since 1981. In recent five years， 87.50% （7/8） of imported malaria cases were from south?east Asia. Conclusions Wuzhou City has reached the national criterion of malaria elimination， but the imported malaria is the recent threat. The surveillance and control work of malaria should be strengthened.

Allele genetypes and homology analysis of MSP-1 and CSP gene of Plasmodium vivax in Shandong Province

XU Chao, WEI Qing-Kuan, KONG Xiang-Li, LI Jin, WANG Yong-Bin, XIAO Ting, YIN Kun, GIA Feng-Ju, SUN Hui, HUANG Bing-Cheng, CHEN Yan-Ping

2017, 29(1):  38-43. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1556KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the genotypes and homology of MSP?1 and CSP gene of Plasmodium vivax in Shandong Province， so as to provide the evidence for case traceability. Methods A total of 12 blood samples were collected from P. vivax?infected cases in Shandong Province in 2011. Parasite genomic DNA was extracted. Primers were designed according to MSP?1 and CSP gene sequences of P. vivax. Then Nested PCR， enzyme digestion， sequencing and sequence alignment， and homologous analysis were performed. Results The MSP?1 gene of all the 12 samples from P. vivax?infected cases were detected with a 470 bp PCR amplification band， and 350 bp and 120 bp enzyme digestion fragments， which were identified as type Sal?1. An analysis of phylogenetic tree of MSP?1 gene showed that the sequences of 9 indigenous case samples in Shandong Province were located in the same branch， one case sample infected from India was located in the same branch with India strains. All the 12 P. vivax?infected samples covered GDRA （D/A） GQPA sequences in CSP gene， which were identified as type PV?Ⅰ. Of the CSP gene among 12 P. vivax?infected samples， 10 samples of indigenous case in Shandong Province and one sample of the case infected in Guangdong Province were detected with both 560-840 bp and 150-230 bp PCR amplification bands， which were identified as temperate zone family strain of type PV?Ⅰ. However， one sample from the case infected in India was detected only with a 560-840 bp band， which was identified as tropical zone family strain of PV?Ⅰ. An analysis of phylogenetic tree of CSP gene showed that the sequences of 10 samples from the indigenous cases in Shandong Province and one sample from the case infected in Guangdong Province were located in the same branch， one sample from the case infected in India was located in the same branch with India and Indonesia strains. Conclusion Of all the indigenous isolates in Shandong Province， MSP?1 gene is genotyped type Sal?1， CSP gene is genotyped temperate zone family strain of type PV?Ⅰ， with a high homology found among the indigenous isolates.

Analysis of infective status of Clonorchis sinensis in Jiangxi Province

LAN Wei-Ming, JIANG Wei-Sheng, DAI Kun-Jiao, HANG Chun-Qin, XIE Shu-Ying, GE Jun, LI Zhao-Jun, ZENG Xiao-Jun

2017, 29(1):  44-47. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1343KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the current prevalence of clonorchiasis in Jiangxi Province. Methods A survey was performed according to the scheme of the 3rd Principal Human Parasites of Jiangxi Province. Based on the ecological regions， a stratified cluster sampling method was applied by the economic and geographic situation. In rural areas， the investigation of C. sinensis was carried out together with the soil?transmitted helminths investigation， and in the urban areas， the random cluster sampling method was applied for the C. sinensis investigation. There were 92 survey sites from 32 counties. The eggs of C. sinensis in stool were examined by Kato?Katz technique， and health knowledge was also investigated by questionnaires in some people at the same time. Results A total of 23 606 sample residents were investigated， and 138 were found infected with C. sinensis， with the infection rate of 0.58%. Light infection was found in most of them. Totally 124 C. sinensis infected persons focused in Xinfeng County， and only a few of infected people scattered in the other counties. In Xinfeng County， 851 residents were investigated. Among them， the infected people were found in all the age groups except the 0? year age group. The highest infection rate appeared in the 70? years group （24.00%）. The male infection rate was 20.29%， which was higher than that of the female （6.25%）， showing a statistically significant difference （P＜0.01）. The infection rate was highest in the population who received high school or technical secondary school education （31.48%）. For the occupation distribution， the infection rate was highest in public officers （39.39%）. The questionnaire survey showed that the infection rate in the populations in Xinfeng County who had the history of eating raw fish or raw shrimp was 33.15%. Conclusions The distribution of C. sinensis infection presents a regional aggregation in Xinfeng County， but in other areas， the distribution is sporadic. It is necessary to continue to carry out the parasitic disease screening， and in Xinfeng County， it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control intervention.

Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on antioxidants from mice infected with Trichinella spiralis

WANG Xiao-Li, LI Liang, ZHANG Hui, WEI Xing, TAO Zhi-Yong, XIA Hui, WANG Yuan-Yuan, YANG Xiao-Di, FANG Qiang

2017, 29(1):  48-52. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3286KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the effect of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside （SNP） on antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Methods BALB/c mice were infected with T. spiralis separated by the digestion method. Forty?two days post?infection， the peripheral blood and hepatic tissue from the infected or normal mice were collected. Then 4 groups were set： liver homogenate from infected mice + SNP （Group A）， liver homogenate from normal mice + SNP （Group B）， peripheral blood from infected mice + SNP （Group C）， and peripheral blood from normal mice + SNP （Group D）. The final concentrations of SNP in each group were set as 0 （blank control）， 2， 5， 10 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L， respectively. After reacting with SNP at 37 ℃ for 30 min， the superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH?Px）， catalase （CAT） activities， and malondialdehyde （MDA） concentration were examined and compared. Results The levels of SOD， CAT， GSH?Px and MDA concentration in the liver and the blood from the mice infected with T. spiralis were significantly higher than those of the normal ones （all P < 0.05）. When reacted with 10 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L SNP， the SOD， GSH?Px， and CAT activities in Group A and B decreased significantly （all P < 0.05）， while the liver MDA concentration reacted with 2-30 μmol/L SNP increased obviously （all P < 0.05）. As reacted with 30 μmol/L SNP， the activities of blood SOD， GSH?Px， and CAT in Group C and D decreased， while the MDA concentration in blood still increased （all P < 0.01）. When the SNP concentration was in the range of 2-30 μmol/L， there were a negative correlation between the SNP concentrations and SOD， GSH?Px， and CAT activities， as well as a positive correlation with the MDA concentration in the liver and blood from the mice infected with T. spiralis （all P < 0.05）. Conclusions T. spiralis infection could cause oxidative damage to mice， and increase SOD， GSH?Px， and CAT activities. Nitric oxide released from SNP can decrease antioxidase activities， and inhibit the antioxidant capacity of mice infected with T. spiralis.

Epidemic status of alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan children in south Qinghai Province

HAN Xiu-Min, ZHANG Xue-Yong, CAI Qi-Gang, ZHANG Jing-Ni, WANG Yong-Shun, ZHANG Qiang

2017, 29(1):  53-58. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1127KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the epidemic status of alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan children in south Qinghai Province. Methods The imageology and serology methods were applied to investigate the epidemic status of alveolar echinococcosis of elementary school students in Yushu and Guoluo prefectures. Results Totally 19 629 children were investigated by the portable B ultrasound and 221 children were diagnosed as alveolar echinococcosis with the morbidity of 1.13%. Totally 9 888 were investigated by the indirect ELISA， and the positive rate of serum tests was 12.59% （190/9 888）. The total morbidity of alveolar echinococcosis of children in Yushu Prefecture was 0.42% （31/7 454） and it was 1.57% （190/12 175） in Guoluo Prefecture and there was a significant difference between them （[χ2]= 53.42， P＜0.005）. The sero?positive rates of children in Yushu and Guoluo were 4.26% （302/7 081） and 18.56% （1 835/9 888）， respectively （[χ2]= 765.77， P＜0.005）. The counties with the highest prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in children were Dari County （4.31%， 106/2 461） and Banma County （1.92%， 26/1 351） of Guoluo Prefecture， and Chengduo County （1.11%， 18/1 612） of Yushu Prefecture. The total morbidity rates of alveolar echinococcosis of male and female children were 0.91% （91/9 954） and 1.34% （130/12 175） respectively （[χ2]= 7.35， P＜0.005）. The total sero?positive rates of alveolar echinococcosis of male and female children were 12.10% （1 037/8 568） and 13.09% （1 100/8 406） respectively （[χ2]= 3.63， P＞0.05）. The total morbidity of alveolar echinococcosis of children in different age groups was from 1.00% to 1.13%， and there was no significant difference among the age groups （[χ2]=2.73， P＞0.05）. The P1a type， P1b type and P2 type accounted for 67.76% （145/214）， 10.75% （23/214） and 16.36% （35/214） respectively among the alveolar echinococcosis patients. The diameters of nidus of 87.38% （187/214） patients were less than 5 cm， and 2.80% （6/214） were more than 10 cm. Conclusions The epidemic status of alveolar echinococcosis of Tibetan children in south Qinghai Province is serious， but most of the patients were at early stage of the disease. The screening work of alveolar echinococcosis should be strengthened in Tibetan children， so as to perform the early diagnosis and treatment.

A specific immune therapeutic effect of Der p2 T cell epitope vaccine on asthma mice

ZHAN Xiao-Dong, DUAN Bin-Bin, HONG Yong, LI Chao-Pin

2017, 29(1):  59-63. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1721KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the specific immune therapeutic effect of the T cell fusion peptide vaccine from group II allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus （Der p2）. Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups， namely a negative control group （a PBS group）， positive control group （an asthma group） and protein Der p2 T cell fusion epitope for specific immunotherapy （SIT） group （a Der p2 T group）. The extract of house dust mites （HDM） was used to establish the asthmatic models in BALB/c mice， and the PBS group was always used with PBS buffer. Thirty minutes before spray inhalation from 25 to 27 days， the mice of the Der p2 T group were respectively injected subcutaneously with the therapeutic proteins for SIT， then the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were collected. ELISA was used to assay the levels of IFN?γ， IL?4， and IL?13 in BALF， as well as serum levels of specific IgE and IgG2a. The lung tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin （H&E） for pathological examinations. Results The ELISA detection revealed that the number of eosinophil in BALF of the asthmatic mice was （5.57 ± 0.64）×105/ml， which was significantly higher than that in the PBS group ［（0.50 ± 0.30）×105/ml， P < 0.01］， the number of eosinophil in the Der p2 T immunotherapy group decreased significantly ［（3.45 ± 0.36）×105/ml， P < 0.01］. The content of IFN?γ in the PBS group， asthma group and Der p2 T group were （267.00 ± 21.98）， （155.80 ± 20.53） pg/ml and （234.40 ± 24.46） pg/ml respectively. Compared with the asthma group， the mice with Der p2 T vaccine specific immune treatment produced a high level of IFN? γ （P < 0.01）. The content of IL?4 in the PBS group， asthma group and Der p2 T group were （23.40 ± 5.96）， （53.28 ± 8.26） pg/ml and （30.00 ± 5.50） pg/ml respectively. Compared with the asthma group， the content of IL?4 in the mice of the Der p2 T treatment group was significantly lower （P < 0.01）. Compared with the asthma group ［（308.10 ± 28.32） pg/ml］， the content of IL?13 in BALF of the mice in the Der p2 T treatment group was significantly decreased， which was ［（174.50 ± 25.99） pg/ml， P < 0.01］. The content of IL?13 in the PBS group was （95.99 ± 31.14） pg/ml. The lung tissue sections showed that the lung inflammation in the p2 T Der group was significantly less than that in the asthma group， and the inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly decreased， and airway epithelial construction remodeled. Conclusion The Der p2 T cell fusion epitope， which is as vaccines for specific immunotherapy with asthma models， can alleviate effectively allergic inflammation of airway and lung in the mice， and it may be used as a candidate vaccine for asthma.

Development and effectiveness evaluation of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay kit for detection of Schistosoma japonicum

MENG Qing-Dong, WANG Yan, SUN Wen-Qiao, REN Shou-Lei, XIN Bei, ZHU Peng-Fei, LI Kang-Yan, LIANG Huan-Kun, ZHANG Li-Cheng

2017, 29(1):  64-67. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1220KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To develop a kit of time?resolved fluoroimmunoassay （TRFIA） for detection of Schistosoma japonicum protein SjP38， and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods The anti 9G7 SjP38 monoclonal antibody was used as the capture antibody coated with 96?hole plate， and the Eu3+ labeled 1A6 monoclonal antibody was used as the detection antibody to establish the TRFIA SjP38 kit. In addition， the accuracy， sensitivity， precision， stability and coincidence rate to pathogenic diagnosis of the kit were evaluated. Results This established kit possessed high accuracy， wide linear range from 2 to 1 250 ng/ml， high sensitivity with the minimum detectable concentration of 0.14 ng/ml， and good precision （the coefficient variation of the intra?and inter?assay were 3.6% to 4.6% and 5.1% to 6.7%， respectively）. The stability tests showed that the reagents could be stable for six months at 4 ℃， 7 d at 37 ℃. The positive and negative corresponding rates to the pathogen detection method were 95% and 100% respectively. Conclusion All the performance and detection indicators of the kit have reached the requirements of clinical test， but its clinical application still needs further validation.

Analysis of coagulation related parameters between patients with advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis and hepatitis B cirrhosis

LIU Shun, QIN Meng, TANG Shao-Qian

2017, 29(1):  68-71. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1158KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the differences of coagulation parameters between patients with advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis and hepatitis B cirrhosis under different degrees of liver function， so as to provide the evidence for further guidance of judging clinical condition and prognosis. Methods Sixty?three patients with advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis and eighty patients with hepatitis B induced cirrhosis hospitalized in Jingzhou Central Hospital from January 2014 to June 2016 were served as an advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis group and a hepatitis B cirrhosis group， respectively， and ninety?six gastropathy patients excluded from other diseases that might affect coagulation in the same period were served as a control group. The levels of PT， INR， Fib， TT， APTT， and PLT of the patients among the above 3 groups and the cirrhosis patients with different Child?Pugh classes were detected and compared. Results The differences of the levels of PT， INR， Fib， TT， APTT， and PLT among the 3 groups were statistically significant （F = 84.512， 81.672， 37.612， 104.475， 52.497， 102.233； all P ＜0.05）. The further analysis showed that PT， INR， TT， and APTT of both the advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis and hepatitis B induced cirrhosis groups were longer than those of the control group， and the PLT levels of both the former 2 groups were lower than that of the control group （all P < 0.05）. Compared with the advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis group， PT， INR， TT， and APTT of the hepatitis B induced cirrhosis group were longer， and the levels of Fib and PLT were lower （all P < 0.05）. Among those with the liver function of Grade A， the reduced degree of PLT in the patients with hepatitis B induced cirrhosis was more serious， while for those with the liver function of Grade B and C， the difference between the patients with advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis and hepatitis B induced cirrhosis was not statistically significant （both P > 0.05）. Under all the grades of liver function， TT and APTT of the hepatitis B induced cirrhosis group was longer than those of the advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis group， and the Fib level of the former was lower than that of the latter. Among those with the liver function of Grade A and B， PT and INR of the hepatitis B induced cirrhosis group were longer than those of the advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis group； while for those with the liver function of Grade C， the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant（all P > 0.05）. Conclusions There exist differences of the damage degrees of coagulation function between the patients with advanced schistosomiasis cirrhosis and hepatitis B cirrhosis. When the damage degree of the liver function is lighter， the coagulation function in the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis decreases more significantly； when the damage degree becomes more severe， APPT in the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis extends more significantly， while the differences of PLT and PT between them are little.

Thyreophagus entomophagus breeding in beer yeast powder

CHAI Qiang, TAO Ning, LI Chao-Pin

2017, 29(1):  72-73. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1395KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To separate and identify Thyreophagus entomophagus from beer yeast powder and observe its morphological characteristics. Methods The beer yeast powder was collected from the scum after fermentation of the beer material， the mites in it were separated and made into slide specimens， and then they were identified and observed for the morphological characteristics under an optical microscope. Results The mites separated from the beer yeast powder were identified as female Thyreophagus entomophagus. Under the optical microscope， the bodies of the mites were long and narrow， which showed an oval shape， the gnathosoma was wide， the epidermis was colorless but lustrous， the external vertical seta， internal scapular seta， inner humerals， anterior lateral seta， and dorsal body setae were all absent， the bristles on the back of the body were relatively long， and all the feet were thick and strong. Conclusion Thyreophagus entomophagus can breed in the beer yeast powder， and therefore， the powder should be stored properly to avoid the contamination caused by the mites.

Effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures in Kaihua County from 1996 to 2015

LU Mei, ZHANG Jian-Feng, SU Li, YU De-Cheng

2017, 29(1):  74-76. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1239KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the control effect of comprehensive measures of schistosomiasis after its transmission interruption in Kaihua County， Zhejiang Province， so as to provide the references for further consolidation of schistosomiasis control. Methods The data of Oncomelania hupensis snail survey and control， as well as environmental reform in Kaihua County were collected and analyzed from 1996 to 2015. Results From 1996 to 2015， totally 2 635 snail habitats and 102.75 hm2 area with snails were found， and 125.4 thousand snails were dissected and no one was schistosome infected. The accumulated snail control area was 4 932.98 hm2， and the area with snails was effectively reduced by the comprehensive control measures. Conclusion The schistosomiasis control effect could be consolidated by the comprehensive control measures emphasizing environmental reconstruction， and the snail surveillance work still should be strengthened.

Effect of health education of schistosomiasis control with Yi-Han bilingualism

FENG Zong-Liang, LI Sha-Sha, HUA Jiao, CHEN Lin, WU Zi-Song, XU Cong-Min, LAI Yu-Hua

2017, 29(1):  77-79. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1102KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of Yi?Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control. Methods Baimiao Village in Daqing Town， Xichang City， where Yi Nationality inhabited， was chosen as a pilot to carry out Yi?Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control from 2012 to 2015. The villagers and students in the pilot area were investigated by questionnaires before and after the intervention to understand their awareness and correct behavior status on schistosomiasis control. Results After the intervention of Yi?Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control for 3 years， the awareness rate and the correct rate of behavior on schistosomiasis control of the villagers in the pilot area improved from 45.79% and 51.12% in 2012 to 97.80% and 98.78% in 2015. As for the students， the two rates mentioned above improved from 64.16% and 60.83% in 2012 to 100% and 98.89% in 2015 respectively， and all the differences between the rates before and after the intervention were statistically significant （ all P < 0.01）. Conclusion The intervention of Yi?Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control can obviously improve the knowledge awareness rates and the correct rates of behavior of the residents and students in the gathering area of Yi Nationality.

Pathogen spectrum and epidemic status of major human parasites in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province

ZHU Han-Wu, LI Cheng-Hua, DUAN Liang-Song

2017, 29(1):  80-82. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1109KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the pathogen spectrum and epidemic status of major human parasites in Chenzhou City， Hunan Province，so as to provide the evidence for parasitic diseases control. Methods The survey sites were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method. The intestinal helminthic eggs were detected by Kato?Katz technique. The trophozoites or cysts of intestinal protozoa were detected by saline smear and iodine staining methods. The eggs of Enterubius vermicularis of children from 3 to 6 years old were detected by the cellophane anal swab method. The species of hookworm were identified by the filter paper strip culture method. Results A total of 7 031 people were detected with the intestinal helminthic infective rate of 1.83% （129 cases）. The major parasite was hookworm and there was a statistically significant difference of the infection rates among various parasites （c2 = 107.77， P < 0.01）. All the hookworm larvae were Necator americanus. No intestinal protozoon was detected. There were statistically significant differences of the infection rates among the counties （c2 = 25.77， P < 0.01）. The age of the patients was mainly focused on 30 and above years old and the infection rate was increased with the growth of age （c2 = 26.21， P < 0.01）. Farmers were the main population of the patients and there was a statistically significant difference of the infection rates between farmer and others （c2 = 29.67， P < 0.01）. Conclusions The infection rates of parasites are low and hookworm is the main parasite in the pathogen spectrum in Chenzhou City. However， the infection factors still exist， therefore， effective and scientific measures should be taken to consolidate the achievement.

Analysis of malaria epidemiological characteristics in Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2005 to 2015

MENG Zhi-Qun, HUANG Jiang-Rong, HUANG Shao-Yi, LONG Guang-Teng, LIN Kang-Ming, HUANG Ya-Ming

2017, 29(1):  83-86. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1468KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hechi City， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2005 to 2015， so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting measures of malaria elimination. Methods The data of malaria cases in 11 counties of Hechi City from 2005 to 2015 were collected and analyzed by using Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0. Results A total of 160 malaria cases were reported in Hechi City from 2005 to 2015， and the annual average malaria incidence was 3.6 per million. There were 10 local recurrence cases （accounting for 6.25％， 10/160） and 150 imported cases （accounting for 93.75％，150/160）. For the etiology， Plasmodium vivax accounted for 51.87% （83/160） in these cases， P. falciparum accounted for 34.38%（55/160）， P. ovale accounted for 1.25%（2/160）， P. malariae accounted for 5.00%（8/160）， and the indeterminate accounted for 7.50% （12/160）. During the period of 11 years， the malaria incidence first dropped and then rose. There were no local cases after 2009. However， an imported falciparum malaria death case was reported in 2010， a severe imported falciparum malaria case was reported in 2013 and another in 2015. A severe case of maternal?neonatal vivax malaria was reported in 2014. These cases were mainly distributed in 10 counties of Hechi City， with more young male adults who engaged in digging mining. More cases concentrated from April to August. Most of the reported malaria cases were imported， 60.00% （96/160） of them returned from Africa and Southeast Asia， and 33.75%（54/160） from other domestic provinces. The median of the interval from symptom appearance to diagnosis was 5 d， and there was a significant difference among the above years （c2 = 33.40， P＜0.05）. Conclusions Malaria is still an important public health problem in Hechi City， and the appropriate control measures and effective tools should be strengthened for malaria elimination. The key to consolidate the achievements of malaria control is strengthening the malaria monitoring management of the floating population.

Analysis of malaria death cases in Henan Province from 2010 to 2015

QIAN Dan, LIU Ying, YANG Cheng-Yun, ZHOU Rui-Min, LI Su-Hua, ZHANG Hong-Wei

2017, 29(1):  87-89. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1080KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To retrospectively overview the malaria death cases reported in Henan Province and analyze the cause of death. Methods The data including basic information， epidemiological survey and medical records of malaria death cases in Henan Province from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results In the six years， a total of 14 malaria patients were dead. All the death patients were adult males and imported from Africa. They had definite histories of living in malaria?epidemic areas and the symptoms of fever. Twelve patients were diagnosed as malaria after at least twice diagnoses. The average time from symptom appearing to correct diagnosis was 6.5 d. The causes of deaths were misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Conclusions The major reasons of malaria death cases in Henan Province are the failure of correct diagnosis and prompt treatment. Health education of malaria prevention and diagnosis and treatment training of malaria should be strengthened in order to improve the public awareness and the diagnosis ability of clinical doctors for malaria， which can prevent the death of imported malaria cases.

Evaluation on capability of parasitic disease control and prevention among professional and technical personnel in medical and health institutions in Wuxi City

MENG Xiao-Jun, GAO Dong-Lin, ZHANG Xuan, SHAO Jie, CHEN Wei-Xuan, LU Bing

2017, 29(1):  90-92. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1118KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the capability of parasitic disease control and prevention among professional and technical personnel in medical and health institutions in Wuxi City， so as to provide the evidence for promoting relative capability building. Methods Forty?one professional and technical persons from 22 medical and health institutions received the evaluation through the theoretical knowledge exam and laboratory operation skill assessment. Results The average score of theoretical knowledge exam was （76.5±15.6） with the pass rate of 80.5% and excellent rate of 48.9%. The average score， pass rate and excellent rate for Plasmodium blood slide making were （7.3±1.5）， 87.8% and 41.5% respectively， the average score， pass rate and excellent rate for Plasmodium blood slide reading were （14.0±7.2）， 31.7% and 12.2% respectively； the average score， pass rate and excellent rate for helminthes microscope examination were （19.4±10.4）， 24.4% and 0 respectively； the average score， pass rate and excellent rate for Oncomelania hupensis snail identification were （8.6±1.1）， 95.1% and 73.2% respectively. The average scores of helminthes microscope examination and Oncomelania hupensis snail identification were higher in the participants with middle?level professional title or above than in the participants with primary level professional title （both P < 0.05）. The average scores of theoretical knowledge exam， Plasmodium blood slide reading and helminthes microscope examination were higher in the participants from disease control and prevention institutions than in the staff who came from medical institutions （all P <0.05）. Conclusions The professional and technical personnel in medical and health institutions in Wuxi do better in theoretical knowledge， Plasmodium blood slide making and Oncomelania hupensis snail identification. However， the capability of parasite microscope examination is urgently needed to be improved in the future.

Investigation of soil?transmitted nematode infections in Xiding Township, Menghai County, Yunnan Province

WU Fang-Wei, WANG Li-Bo, CHEN Ran, DU Zun-Wei, YAN Xin-Liu, LI Ben-Fu, PENG Jia, ZI Jin-Rong, MA Long, NIE Zhi-Jian

2017, 29(1):  93-95. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1115KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the status of soil?transmitted nematode infections in Xiding Township， Menghai County， Yunnan Province， so as to provide the reference for formulating the strategy of soil?transmitted nematodosis control. Methods Soil?transmitted nematode eggs in feces were detected by the Kato?Katz method， and the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected by the cellophane tape method in children. The soil samples were collected from vegetable， fruit and other crop fields of 15 residents randomly to detect hookworm. Results The stool samples from 1 002 residents were examined and the soil?transmitted nematode infection rate was 20.06% （201/1 002）. The infection rates of hookworm， Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichura were 18.96% （190 cases）， 1.70% （17 cases） and 0.90% （9 cases） respectively. The percentages of people with light infection of hookworm， A. lumbricoides and T. trichura were 97.37% （185/190）， 88.24% （15/17） and 100% （9/9） respectively. No infection of E. vermicularis was found. Fifteen soil samples were tested， and no hookworm was found in the soil. Conclusion The infection rate of soil?transmitted nematode in Xiding Township， Menghai County is high， but the infectiosity is light. The control and monitoring of soil?transmitted nematodosis should be strengthened in this area.

nvestigation of knowledge| attitude and practice （KAP） of foodborne parasitic diseases among senior high school students in Zigui County

GAO Jing-Han, LIU Ling-Ling

2017, 29(1):  96-98. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1129KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the status of knowledge， attitude and practice （KAP） of foodborne parasitic diseases among senior high school students in Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Methods A total of 1 353 senior high school students were selected with the cluster sampling method and investigated with the questionnaires in Zigui County， and the data were analyzed statistically. Results Among the 1 353 students surveyed， the awareness rates of parasitic diseases， their hazards and transmissions were 62.23% （842 cases）， 80.78% （1 093 cases） and 83.89% （1 135 cases） respectively. The awareness rate of parasitic diseases in the students of senior Grade One was higher than that of Grade Two （[χ2] = 7.037， P < 0.05）. The formation rates of behaviors of refusing of raw food， refusing of unboiled water， and dining at home or school in the students of senior Grade One were higher than those of Grade Two （[χ2]= 6.970， 12.749 and 12.921 respectively， and all P < 0.05）. Fifty?one percent （690 cases） of students would not have the food with the infection risk of parasitic diseases. Conclusion The awareness of parasitic diseases of high school students in Zigui County is not efficient， and the health education should be strengthened.

Analysis of capabilities of microscopic examinations of Plasmodium in Dongxihu District, Wuhan City

YU Shu-Kun, DENG Liu-Rong, SHAO Fen, WANG Yu-Xin, LI Xiu-Juan, LIU Qian

2017, 29(1):  99-101. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1132KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate and analyze the capabilities of Plasmodium microscopic examinations in medical and health organizations in Dongxihu District， Wuhan City， so as to provide evidences for achieving the standard of malaria elimination and malaria control in the future. Methods The basic information of the laboratorians and the hardware facilities in 15 microscopic examination stations of Plasmodium were collected and analyzed from 2010 to 2015. Meanwhile， the quality of making， dyeing， cleanliness of all the negatives blood smears were evaluated， and all the positive smears were re?checked in the district during the period above mentioned. Results Totally， there were 28 laboratorians and 9 qualified microscopes in 15 microscopy stations in Dongxihu District. The age of the laboratorians in the first?level and third?level organizations was mainly from 40 to 50 years old， but the age of those in the second?level organizations was from 20 to 30 years old. The years for microscopic examination working of most of the laboratorians in the first?level and third?level organizations were more than 15 years， while the working years of those in the second?level organizations were mainly less than 10 years. The education level of the laboratorians in the first?level organization was mainly （50.00%） junior college， while the education levels of those in the second and third organizations were mainly bachelor. From 2010 to 2015， 8 561 blood smears were produced and 539 of them were reviewed，the coincidence rates of review were all 100%， and the average qualified rates of making， dyeing， and cleanliness of the negative blood smears were 82.08%， 79.92% and 83.33%， respectively. All the rates mentioned above in 2015 were higher than those in 2010 （[χ2]= 26.45， 16.85， 13.93， all P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusion The capability of microscopic examinations of Plasmodium has improved obviously in Dongxihu District， but the human resources construction and hardware input in this district should be improved， meanwhile， the check on the quality control of microscopic examinations of Plasmodium should be continued， so as to guarantee the sustainable and healthy development of malaria control work in this district.

Discussion on multidisciplinary treatment mode of advanced schistosomiasis and its standardized implementation

DENG Wei-Cheng, ZHANG Yue-Yun, DING Guo-Jian, LIU Jia-Xin, ZHU Yong-Hui, WANG Hong-Bo, LUO Feng-Qiu, BAO Huai-Yu, REN Guang-Hui

2017, 29(1):  102-104. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1085KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Advanced schistosomiasis is the most serious clinical type of schistosomiasis. Its diagnosis and treatment are related to many special departments， such as gastroenterology， general surgery， neurology， endocrinology， radiology， traditional Chinese medicine， blood purification， endoscopy， intervention， and ICU. It is necessary to apply a multidisciplinary treatment （MDT） mode. However， the mode has no universal standard and guide in practice. It is very important for the implementation of MDT mode of advanced schistosomiasis to form a treatment expert team， formulate the formal working procedures， and standardize the treatment schedules. The standardized implementation of MDT mode will be important to provide a more effective clinical decision on advanced schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis endemic situation of national surveillance sites in Mianyang City, 2015

SHI Ying-Hong

2017, 29(1):  105-107. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1066KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To master the dynamics of schistosomiasis endemic situation and influencing factors in Mianyang City， so as to provide the evidence for making the control and prevention measures. Methods Six villages of six schistosomiasis heavy endemic counties were selected as survey sites according to the national surveillance protocol （Revision in 2014） in Mianyang City. The surveys of the incidences of schistosomiasis in population and livestock as well as the prevalence of Oncomelania hupensis snails were conducted in the 6 national surveillance sites. Results The serum positive rates of local residents and migrant people were 2.12% and 1.71%， respectively. The infection rate of cattle was 0. The area with snails was 9.344 8 hm2. The mean density of living snails was 0.25/0.1 m2. The occurrence rate of frames with snails was 7.07%， and no infected snails were found. Conclusions The infection rates of schistosome in human and livestock are low and the prevalence of O. hupensis snails is stable in the national surveillance sites in Mianyang City. However， the schistosomiasis transmission risk still exists， therefore， we should strengthen the control measures to prevent the rebound of the endemic.

Diagnosis and treatment of an imported case of schistosomiasis haematobium

LI Yan-Rong, XIE Han-Guo, CHEN Zhu-Yun, XIAO Li-Zhen, ZHANG Rong-Yan

2017, 29(1):  108-110. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1861KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of an imported case of schistosomiasis haematobium， including the pathological features of the disease and therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel. Methods The data of the patient with schistosomiasis haematobium were collected， and the pathological features of the bladder tissue were observed under a microscope. Moreover， the patient was treated with praziquantel， and his urine was collected before and after the treatment. The eggs in the urine were examined by a microscope after sediment and the miracidia were hatched. Results The patient once worked in Angola for three months， and after returning home he had the symptoms of intermittent painless terminal hematuresis. It was ineffective after anti?inflammatory treatment in a number of hospitals. There were no sand spots discovered under the cystoscope. However， the inflammatory reaction to parasite with a lot of eosinophils infiltration in the bladder mucosa was found on the pathological sections under a microscope， and the egg structure was observed with individual characteristics. The eggs were detected in the urine and the miracidia were hatched before the praziquantel treatment. The hematuria symptoms disappeared after the praziquantel treatment. The eggs were still detected in the urine 7 days post?treatment， but the miracidium could not be hatched. One month and 6 months post?treatment， the eggs were not detected in the urine. Conclusions The imported cases of schistosomiasis haematobium are often misdiagnosed， and therefore， it is necessary to strength the health education to the workers overseas and also to improve the ability of diagnosis in medical staff. For the case reported in this paper， there are typical structure of Schistosoma haematobium eggs and egg?granulomas on the pathological sections of bladder tissues. Praziquantel has satisfactory treatment results.

Discussion on ultrasonographic characteristics of schistosomal appendicitis lesions

XIONG Wei-Lv, SONG Lu-Mei, NIU Yan-De, ZOU Qing-Guo, MO Qing-Qing

2017, 29(1):  111-112. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1144KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To discuss the ultrasonographic characteristics of schistosomal appendicitis lesions. Methods Among the patients with schistosomal hepatopathy who were discovered by Color Doppler ultrasound in Huzhou Central Hospital from January 2012 to December 2015， 50 cases with clear history of schistosomiasis and treatment were chosen as a schistosomal hepatopathy group， meanwhile， 50 normal people， who came from non?endemic areas， without schistosomal hepatopathy and schistosomiasis history were chosen as a control group. The two groups were examined by ultrasound scan of the appendix， and the data of the largest diameter of the appendix and the thickness of the appendix wall were collected， and the sonographic characteristics of their appendixes， such as whether the echo of the appendix wall was even or not， were observed. Results The minimum internal diameter of the appendix cavity and the thickness of the appendix wall of the schistosomal hepatopathy group were （2.090 ± 0.790） mm and （1.332 ± 0.313） mm ， respectively， the former was significantly narrower than that of the control group， while the latter was significantly thicker than that of the control group （t = 2.647， - 4.526， respectively， both P＜0.05）. The proportions of those with inhomogeneous echo， indistinctness structure， uneven thickening of the appendix wall， as well as having intestinal contents in the appendix cavity in the schistosomal hepatopathy group were higher than those in the control group（[χ2]= 12.000， 18.537， 24.008， 4.244， respectively， all P＜0.05）. Conclusions Schistosomal appendicitis lesions have obvious ultrasonographic characteristics under ultrasound. Ultrasound can play an important role in judging whether the appendix of schistosomiasis patients is involved and discovering the lesion of appendix early.

Serological survey on Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women with history of adverse pregnancy in Bazhou area, Hebei Province

ZHU Ming-Hui, XU Li-Juan, XUE Zhen-Wei

2017, 29(1):  113-115. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1123KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the Toxoplasma gondii infection status in pregnant women with history of adverse pregnancy and risk factors in Bazhou area， Hebei Province. Methods A total of 302 pregnant women with the history of adverse pregnancy were chosen as respondents （an experimental group） in the hospital from March 2012 to December 2015， and 197 pregnant women without the history of adverse pregnancy as a control group. TOX?IgG and TOX?IgM were detected by using ELISA in two groups. The risk factors of Toxoplasma infection were surveyed by questionnaires. Results The total positive rate of Toxoplasma antibodies was 28.15% （85/302） in the experimental group， which was significantly higher than that ［9.64% （19/197）］ in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （[χ2]= 24.76， P＜0.05）. The positive rates of TOX?IgM， TOX?IgG and TOX?IgM + TOX?IgG were 6.95% （21/302）， 18.54% （56/302）， and 2.65% （8/302） respectively in the experimental group， which were higher than 2.03% （4/197）， 7.61% （15/197）， and 0% （0/197） respectively in the control group （[χ2]= 6.07， 11.67， 3.76， all P＜0.05）. The questionnaire survey showed that the proportions of keeping pets， cutting board regardless， liking to eat hot pot or barbecue， eating raw meat， often eating in the restaurant in the pregnant women with Toxoplasma infection were higher than those in the pregnant women without Toxoplasma infection， and the differences were statistically significant （[χ2]= 22.57， 3.96， 5.87， 7.40， 4.86， all P＜0.05）， and therefore， the above unhealthy habits may be important risk factors. Conclusions Toxoplasma infection could lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore， the above?mentioned unhealthy habits should be avoided， especially during pregnancy period.

Immunomodulatory effects of Treg and Th17 cells in parasitic infections and hygiene hypothesis

YANG Ying-Ying, YANG Jun-Qi

2017, 29(1):  116-121. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1121KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The parasitic infection is still a severe public health problem in developing countries， which threatens people’s health and social development. With the advances of molecular biology and immunology， more and more insights have been reached on the immunity and immunopathogenesis to parasitic infections. CD4+ T cells play a central role in the host’s immunosurveillance and immunoregulation. Traditionally， naive CD4+ T cells are considered to be able to differentiate into Th1 and Th2 cell subsets both in vivo and in vitro. These Th1 and Th2 cells secret diverse cytokine profiles to exert different functions. Later， two new subsets of CD4+ T cells， Th17 and Treg cells， have been discovered. They are completely different from traditional Th1 and Th2 cells with independent differentiation and regulation mechanism. Ample studies suggest that Treg and Th17 cells play a key role in a variety of parasitic diseases. Furthermore， Treg and Th17 cells have been got increasing attention for their involvement in the hygiene hypothesis. Based on the current advances of researches of Treg and Th17 cells， we make a brief review about immunomodulatory effects of these two subsets in parasitic infections as well as the hygiene hypothesis.

Advances in researches of biogenic molluscicides

LI Xue, DAI Jian-Rong, XING Yun-Tian

2017, 29(1):  122-125. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1069KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Biogenic molluscicides refer to the use of plants， animals and micro?organisms or their metabolites， and synthesis biomimetic molluscicides to kill Oncomelania hupensis snails. With the rapid development of science and technology， new biogenic molluscicides are continuously emerging and the category also continues to expand. According to the molluscicidal active ingredient and sources， at present， the biogenic molluscicides with in?depth studies include plant?derived molluscicides， microorganism molluscicides， microbial metabolite molluscicides and animal molluscicides. This paper reviews the advances in the researches of biogenic molluscicides in recent years.

One case of Gongylonema pulchrum infection in esophagus in human

YAN Xiao-Li

2017, 29(1):  126-126. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1063KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

This paper reports one case of Gongylonema pulchrum infection in the esophagus in human.