Abstract: Objective　To analyze the virus subtypes, molecular evolutional and molecular transmission network features of the first confirmed mpox case in Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide insights into understanding of the transmission and evolution dynamics of mpox virus and formulation of the mpox control strategy in the city.  Methods　Genomic DNA was extracted from swabs of the first confirmed mpox case's skin lesions in Huai'an City, and the amplicon sequencing library was constructed using the hypersensitive mpox virus whole⁃genome capture kit. High⁃throughput sequencing was performed using the GridION X5 nanopore sequencer on the Nanopore sequencing platform, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of mpox virus genome sequences was performed following sequence assembly. In addition, phylogenetic analysis, genetic genealogy and molecular traceability analysis were performed. Results　The virus whole genome sequence of the first confirmed mpox case was successfully obtained by high⁃throughput sequencing, with a full length of 197 182 bp, and was named hMpxV/China/JS⁃HA01/2023, which belonged to the clade IIb (West African clade) lineage B.1.3. Compared with the mpox virus reference sequence MPXV⁃M5312⁃HM12Rivers⁃001 (GenBank accession number: NC_063383), the genome sequence of the Huai'an virus isolate carried 86 SNPs, including 40 SNPs in the coding region as non⁃synonymous mutations and 73 SNPs as nucleotide mutations caused by APOBEC3 (APOBEC3). Of the 97 mpox virus gene sequences, 79 sequences were included in the molecular network (81.44%), and the threshold of the genetic distance accessed to the network was 0.35/105. There were two large molecular transmission clusters and one scattered cluster in the molecular transmission network of the mpox virus, and the hMpxV/China/JS⁃HA01/2023 sequence was located in the large cluster. The 97 gene sequences formed 92 haplotypes, including three shared haplotypes Hap_4, Hap_6 and Hap_38, and an exclusive haplotype Hap_1 of hMpxV/China/JS⁃HA01/2023 generated from mutation of the exclusive haplotype Hap_43, while the exclusive haplotype Hap_43 was generated from mutation of the shared haplotype Hap_38. Conclusions　The whole genome sequence of the mpox virus isolated from the first confirmed mpox case in Huai'an City has been successfully obtained, and the molecular evolutionary and molecular transmission network characteristics of the virus  have been preliminarily understood.

Key words: Mpox, Mpox virus, Etiological characteristic, Molecular evolution, Molecular transmission network, Huai'an City

摘要： 目的　分析江苏省淮安市首例猴痘确诊病例的病毒亚型及分子进化和分子传播网络特征，为了解猴痘病毒传播进化动态、制定淮安市猴痘防控方案提供科学依据。方法　提取淮安市首例猴痘确诊病例病变皮疹（痘）拭子样本DNA，采用超灵敏度猴痘病毒全基因组捕获试剂盒构建扩增子测序文库。利用Nanopore测序平台的GridION X5纳米孔测序仪进行高通量测序，序列拼接后进行猴痘病毒基因组单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）分析，构建系统发育树、开展基因谱系分型，并进行分子网络溯源分析。结果　高通量测序成功获取该例猴痘确诊病例病毒全基因组序列，全长为197 182 bp，基因组序列命名为hMpxV/China/JS⁃HA01/2023，属于IIb分支（西非分支）B.1.3型。与猴痘病毒株参考序列MPXV⁃M5312_HM12_Rivers⁃001（GenBank登录号：NC_063383）比对，淮安株基因组序列携带86个SNPs，其中40个SNPs位于编码区，为非同义突变；有73个SNPs 为载脂蛋白B mRNA编辑酶催化多肽样蛋白3（apolipoprotein B mRNA⁃editing catalytic polypeptide⁃like 3，APOBEC3）引起的核苷酸突变。97条基因序列中，共有79条进入分子网络，入网率为81.44%、入网基因距离阈值为0.35/105；在形成的猴痘病毒分子传播网络中，有2个大的分子传播簇、1个散在分子簇，hMpxV/China/JS⁃HA01/2023位于较大分子传播簇中。纳入的97条基因序列共形成92种单倍型，其中Hap_4、Hap_6、Hap_38为共享单倍型；hMpxV/China/JS⁃HA01/2023独享的单倍型Hap_1由独享单倍型Hap_43突变形成，而独享单倍型Hap_43由共享单倍型Hap_38突变形成。结论　成功获得淮安市首例猴痘确诊病例猴痘病毒全基因组序列，初步掌握了该病毒分子进化和分子传播网络特征。

关键词: 猴痘, 猴痘病毒, 病原学特征, 分子进化, 分子传播网络, 淮安市