Abstract: There are multiple bioactive substances in the mosquito saliva, most of which are allergic to humans. Previous studies have demonstrated that mosquito bites may induce allergic reactions mediated by B and T lymphocytes, resulting in a reduction in the quality of life and even death among patients. To date, 11 salivary allergens and 8 non⁃salivary allergens have been characterized in mosquitoes. Nevertheless, there is still lack of highly sensitive, highly specific and safe tools for diagnosis of mosquito bites⁃induced allergy, and the difficulty in obtaining natural mosquito salivary allergens results in failure in widespread applications of immunotherapy for mosquito bites⁃induced allergy. This review provides an overview of the allergic symptoms of mosquito bites and underlying mechanisms, and mosquito salivary allergens that have been characterized and registered in the systematic allergen nomenclature website.

Key words: Mosquito, Allergen, Saliva

摘要： 蚊虫唾液中含有多种生物活性物质，且多数对人类具有致敏性。蚊虫叮咬可能会引起人体产生B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞介导的过敏反应，导致患者生活质量下降，甚至危及生命。已知蚊虫过敏原包括11种唾液过敏原和8种非唾液过敏原。目前，对于蚊虫叮咬引起的过敏反应缺乏高敏感性、高特异性和安全性的诊断方法；同时，由于天然蚊虫唾液过敏原难以获取，导致针对蚊虫叮咬所致过敏的免疫疗法无法得到广泛应用。本文主要就蚊虫叮咬后过敏症状、过敏机制和经过鉴定并已在过敏原命名综合数据库中注册的蚊虫唾液过敏原相关研究进展进行综述。

关键词: 蚊虫, 过敏原, 唾液