Abstract: Objective　To investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and the distribution of parasite species and genotypes among HIV⁃positive individuals in Jiangxi Province. Methods　HIV⁃positive individuals' sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from three AIDS designated hospitals in Jiangxi Province from January 2022 to March 2023. Subjects' stool samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from stool samples. Nested PCR assay was performed based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium, and Cryptosporidium gp60 gene was amplified in stool samples positive for the SSU rRNA gene. The second⁃round PCR amplification product was checked with 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis, and the products of suspected positive amplifications were sequenced, followed by sequence alignment. The phylogenetic tree was created using the Neighbor⁃Joining method with the software MEGA 11.0, to characterize the species, genotypes and sub⁃genotypes of Cryptosporidium.  Results　A total of 382 HIV⁃positive individuals were enrolled, with two cases identified with Cryptosporidium infection (0.52% prevalence), and both cases had no abdominal pain or diarrhea. Following sequencing and sequence alignment, the gene sequences of these two Cryptosporidium isolates shared 99.76% and 99.88% similarity with the gene sequence of C. meleagridis isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on the Cryptosporidium SSU rRNA gene sequence identified the species of these two Cryptosporidium⁃positive stool samples as C. meleagridis. Following nested PCR amplification of the Cryptosporidium gp60 gene, sequencing and sequence alignment, the two C. meleagridis isolates were characterized as ⅢeA17G2R1 and ⅢbA25G1R1a sub⁃genotypes, and the sub⁃genotype ⅢbA25G1R1a was firstly described in humans. Conclusion　The prevalence of Cryptosporidium is low among HIV⁃positive individuals in Jiangxi Province. The likelihood of Cryptosporidium infection cannot be neglected among HIV⁃positive individuals without diarrhea. 

Key words: Cryptosporidium, HIV, Genetic characteristic, Jiangxi Province

摘要： 目的　了解江西省HIV阳性人群隐孢子虫感染现状及虫种和基因型分布。方法　2022年1月—2023年3月，于江西省3家艾滋病治疗定点医院收集HIV阳性人群社会人口学特征和临床资料，并采集其新鲜粪便样本。提取粪样基因组DNA，采用基于隐孢子虫小亚基核糖体RNA（small subunit ribosomal RNA，SSU rRNA）基因的巢式PCR方法检测样本，阳性样本再扩增其隐孢子虫60 kDa糖蛋白（60 kDa glycoprotein，gp60）基因。阳性样本两种基因均重复进行3次PCR扩增。采用1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测第二轮PCR扩增产物，对两基因的疑似阳性产物进行双向基因测序和比对。应用MEGA 11.0软件基于邻接法绘制系统进化树，以鉴定隐孢子虫虫种、基因型和基因亚型。 结果　累计将382例江西省HIV阳性者纳入研究，其中2例感染隐孢子虫，感染率为0.52%（2/382），感染者均无腹痛、腹泻等临床症状。经测序与序列比对，2例感染样本隐孢子虫分离株与火鸡隐孢子虫分离株相似性分别为99.76%和99.88%。基于隐孢子虫SSU rRNA基因序列的系统进化树分析显示，2份隐孢子虫阳性样本虫种均为火鸡隐孢子虫。对2株火鸡隐孢子虫gp60基因进行巢式PCR扩增、测序和序列比对，分别鉴定为火鸡隐孢子虫ⅢeA17G2R1亚型和ⅢbA25G1R1a亚型，其中ⅢbA25G1R1a亚型为人体中首次发现。结论　江西省HIV阳性人群隐孢子虫感染率较低。临床治疗中应关注无腹泻症状的HIV阳性者隐孢子虫感染可能性。

关键词: 隐孢子虫, HIV, 基因特征, 江西省