Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by viscerotropic Leishmania species and transmitted by bites of infected phlebotomine sandflies, which is predominantly prevalent in the Indian subcontinent, eastern Africa and South America. Currently, visceral leishmaniasis is the second most fatal parasitic disease in the world. Because of climate changes, urban development and individual conditions, there are changes in the density of visceral leishmaniasis vector sandflies and the likelihood of contact with humans, resulting in a visceral leishmaniasis transmission risk. The review summarizes natural, social and biological factors affecting the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis, so as to provide insights into formulation of targeted control measures for visceral leishmaniasis.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Leishmania, Influencing factor, Sandfly

摘要： 内脏利什曼病是由趋内脏的利什曼原虫引起、经白蛉叮咬传播的一种人兽共患寄生虫病，主要在印度次大陆、非洲东部和南美洲国家流行，是全球导致死亡的第二大寄生虫病。受气象变化、城市发展和个体状态等影响，媒介白蛉密度及与人接触机会发生变化，内脏利什曼病存在流行范围扩大的风险。本文总结了影响内脏利什曼病流行的自然、社会和生物等相关因素，以期为制定具有针对性的内脏利什曼病防控措施提供参考。

关键词: 内脏利什曼病, 利什曼原虫, 影响因素, 白蛉