Abstract: Objective　To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of imported Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Zhejiang Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Henan Province from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide insights into malaria control in these five provinces. Methods　All data pertaining to malaria cases reported in five provinces of China were captured from Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2014 to 2021, and the epidemiological characteristics of imported P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. The duration from onset of malaria to initial diagnosis, duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis, institutions of initial and definitive diagnoses, and proportion of correct malaria diagnosis at initial diagnosis were statistically analyzed. Results　A total of 1 223 imported P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases were reported in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2021, there were 158 P. malariae malaria cases (12.92%) and 1 065 P. ovale malaria cases (87.08%). Totally 98.53% (1 205/1 223) of the imported malaria cases were from Africa, with Angola (18.99%, 30/158), Nigeria (11.39%,18/158), Cameroon (10.76%, 17/158), Ghana (10.13%, 16/158) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (10.13%,16/158) as predominant countries where P. malariae malaria cases were from, and Ghana (23.19%, 247/1 065), Cameroon (14.74%, 157/1 065), Nigeria (9.39%, 100/1 065) and Angola (6.95%, 74/1 065) as predominant countries where P. ovale malaria cases were from. There were significant differences in the duration from onset of malaria to initial diagnosis ([χ2] = 27.673, P = 0.000) and duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis of P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases ([χ2] = 29.808, P = 0.000), and the proportions of correct initial diagnosis of P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases were 38.61% (61/158) and 56.53% (602/1 065). There were 74.69% (118/158) of P. malariae malaria cases with definitive diagnosis in county⁃, city⁃, and province⁃level medical institutions, and 79.25% (844/1 065) of P. ovale malaria cases with definitive diagnosis in county⁃ and city⁃level medical institutions and county⁃level centers for disease control and prevention. Conclusions　The imported P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2021 were mainly returned from Africa and the proportion of correct diagnosis of P. malariae and P. ovale malaria was low at initial diagnosis. Persistent improvements in the diagnostic capability of malaria are required in medical institutions.

Key words: Imported malaria, Plasmodium malariae malaria, Plasmodium ovale malaria, Epidemiological characteristic, Diagnosis

摘要： 目的　了解2014—2021年安徽省、湖北省、浙江省、河南省和广西壮族自治区输入性三日疟与卵形疟病例流行病学特征与诊断情况，为进一步开展疟疾防控工作提供科学依据。方法　收集2014—2021年中国疾病预防控制信息系统网络中安徽省、湖北省、浙江省、河南省和广西壮族自治区报告的疟疾病例资料，采用描述性流行病学方法分析5省份输入性三日疟和卵形疟病例流行病学特征，并对病例发病到初诊时间、初诊到确诊时间、初诊单位和确诊单位、初诊正确率等进行分析。结果　2014—2021年，安徽省、湖北省、浙江省、河南省和广西壮族自治区累计报告输入性三日疟和卵形疟病例1 223例，其中三日疟158例（12.92%）、卵形疟1 065例（87.08%）。共98.53%（1 205/1 223）的输入性三日疟和卵形疟病例来自非洲，其中三日疟病例主要来源国为安哥拉（18.99%，30/158）、尼日利亚（11.39%，18/158）、喀麦隆（10.76%，17/158）、加纳（10.13%，16/158）和刚果民主共和国（10.13%，16/158），卵形疟病例主要来源国为加纳（23.19%，247/1 065）、喀麦隆（14.74%，157/1 065）、尼日利亚（9.39%，100/1 065）和安哥拉（6.95%，74/1 065）。5省份输入性三日疟和卵形疟病例发病到初诊（[χ2] = 27.673，P = 0.000）、初诊到确诊时间间隔（[χ2] = 29.808，P = 0.000）差异有统计学意义，输入性三日疟和卵形疟初诊正确率分别为38.61%（61/158）和56.53%（602/1 065）。共74.69%（118/158）的输入性三日疟病例在县、市级和省级医疗机构确诊，79.25%（844/1 065）的输入性卵形疟病例在县、市级医疗机构和县级疾病预防控制机构确诊。结论　2014—2021年安徽省、湖北省、浙江省、河南省和广西壮族自治区输入性三日疟和卵形疟病例主要来自非洲，且初次确诊率较低，需持续提升医疗机构的疟疾诊断能力。

关键词: 输入性疟疾, 三日疟, 卵形疟, 流行病学特征, 诊断