Abstract: Objective　To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of local visceral leishmaniasis in Beijing Municipality from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of the visceral leishmaniasis control strategy. Methods Epidemiological data of visceral leishmaniasis cases reported in Beijing Municipality from 2021 to 2023 were collected from the National Health Informatization Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the epidemiological characteristics of local visceral leishmaniasis cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. In November 2021 and 2023, 50 to 100 permanent residents were voluntarily selected within a 100 meter radius of sites where patients lived or acquired Leishmania infections, and venous blood was sampled for anti⁃Leishmania antibody testing. Venous blood was sampled from dogs for anti⁃Leishmania antibody testing in natural villages where patients lived or acquired Leishmania infections, or in districts where Leishmania⁃infected dogs were reported. In addition, sandflies were captured with CO2 mosquito traps and fine mesh nets in natural villages where patients lived or acquired Leishmania infections from May to September, 2021 and 2023, for sandfly species identification. Results　A total of 4 local visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in Beijing Municipality from 2021 to 2023, with ages of 2 to 77 years, and acquiring Leishmania infections in Mentougou District (2 cases), Changping District (1 case), and Yanqing District (1 case). The anti⁃Leishmania antibody testing was all negative in 73 human blood samples and the sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Leishmania antibody was 25.00% in 36 venous blood samples from domestic dogs in 2021, with a total of 4 520 Phlebotomus chinensis captured. The sero⁃prevalence of anti⁃Leishmania antibody was 0.51% in 198 human blood samples and 13.58% in 243 venous blood samples from domestic dogs in 2023, with 16.10%, 25.00%, 17.78% and 3.13% sero⁃prevalence in dogs sampled from Mentougou District, Changping District, Yanqing District and Haidian District, respectively (P = 0.011), while a total of 1 712 Ph. chinensis were captured, including 1 421 female sandflies (86.54%). Conclusions　The prevalence of local visceral leishmaniasis was low in Beijing Municipality from 2021 to 2023; however, there is a risk of further spread in the epidemic foci. Intensified visceral leishmaniasis surveillance and control is recommended.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Epidemiological characteristic, Surveillance, Sandfly, Dog, Beijing Municipality

摘要： 目的　分析2021—2023年北京市本地内脏利什曼病流行特征，为制定该病防治策略提供科学依据。 方法　自全民健康信息化疾病预防控制信息系统中，收集2021—2023 年北京市报告的本地内脏利什曼病病例信息进行描述性流行病学分析。2021、2023年每年11月，在病例居住地或感染地100 m范围内，根据自愿原则选取50～100名常住居民，采集其静脉血进行抗利什曼原虫抗体检测。在病例感染地或居住地所在自然村或有利什曼原虫感染犬只报告的区，采集犬只静脉血进行抗利什曼原虫抗体检测。2021、2023年每年5—9月，在病例感染地或居住地所在自然村，采用二氧化碳诱蛉灯加细纱网捕捉白蛉，并进行蛉种鉴定。 结果　2021—2023年北京市共报告本地内脏利什曼病病例4例，年龄2～77岁，感染地点位于门头沟区（2例）、昌平区（1例）和延庆区（1例）。2021年共采集居民血液样本73份，抗利什曼原虫抗体检测结果均为阴性；采集家犬样本36份，抗利什曼原虫抗体阳性率为25.00%（9/36）；共捕获中华白蛉4 520只。2023年共采集居民血液样本198份，抗利什曼原虫抗体阳性率为0.51%（1/198）；采集家犬静脉血样本243份，抗利什曼原虫抗体阳性率为13.58%（33/243），门头沟区、昌平区、延庆区、海淀区犬只抗体阳性率分别为16.10%、25.00%、17.78%、3.13%，差异有统计学意义（P = 0.011）；共捕获中华白蛉1 712只，其中雌蛉1 421只（86.54%）。结论　2021—2023年北京市本地内脏利什曼病疫情处于低流行态势，但疫源地范围存在扩散的风险，应进一步加强内脏利什曼病监测和防控。

关键词: 内脏利什曼病, 流行特征, 监测, 白蛉, 犬, 北京市