Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by Phlebotomus chinensis that poses a great threat to human health. Historically, visceral leishmaniasis was predominantly prevalent in northwestern regions of Sichuan Province. Following the founding of the People’s Republic of China, large⁃scale integrated interventions had been implemented in visceral leishmaniasis⁃endemic areas of Sichuan Province, including identification and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis patients, elimination of infected dogs, Ph. chinensis control and health education. This review summarizes the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, discusses the control strategy of visceral leishmaniasis and analyzes the challenges of elimination of visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept in Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in the province.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Elimination, Challenge, Control strategy, One Health, Sichuan Province

摘要： 内脏利什曼病是一种由白蛉传播、严重危害人体健康的寄生虫病。四川省内脏利什曼病主要流行于该省西北部地区，且历史较久。中华人民共和国成立后，四川省在内脏利什曼病流行区大规模开展以查治病人、消灭病犬、控制白蛉等措施为主的综合性防治，取得了一定成就。本文分析了四川省内脏利什曼病流行现状，结合全健康理念探讨了四川省内脏利什曼病防治策略和消除工作所面临的困难与挑战，以期为四川省内脏利什曼病消除提供参考。

关键词: 内脏利什曼病, 消除, 挑战, 防治对策, 全健康, 四川省