Abstract: Schistosomiasis control is not only a disease control programme, but also a great social practice activity in China. During the evolution of national schistosomiasis control programmes, the special schistosomiasis control culture has been cultivated and developed, which contains the spiritual connotation of government⁃led, people⁃oriented, respect for science and integration of all efforts. The publication of Chairman Mao Zedong’s two poems entitled “Farewell to the God of Plague” and the postscript in 1958 was a sign for the formation and development of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture, which always lead the orientation of development and practice of schistosomiasis control culture building. The schistosomiasis control culture provide powerful spiritual motivation and supports to schistosomiasis control programmes in China, and improving the building of schistosomiasis control culture is of great significance to strengthen our belief in achieving the goal of schistosomiasis elimination, mobilize all social resources, accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis and facilitate the high⁃quality development of healthcare services. Chinese schistosomiasis control spirit is the refinement from the cultural connotation of the long⁃term schistosomiasis control programmes in China, and is the most essential and concentrated embodiment of the schistosomiasis control culture. This article describes the great significance of two poems entitled “Farewell to the God of Plague”, summarizes the connotation and role of schistosomiasis control spirit, and introduces the practice, development and innovation of schistosomiasis control culture building in Jiangxi Province.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Schistosomiasis control culture, Schistosomiasis control spirit, Jiangxi Province

摘要： 我国血吸虫病防治不仅是一种单纯的疾病控制行为，更是一项伟大的社会实践活动，积累、沉淀和发展了具有鲜明特色的血防文化，蕴含着政府主导、以人为本、尊重科学、群策群力等精神内涵。1958年毛泽东主席《七律二首·送瘟神》及其后记的发表是我国血防文化形成和发展的标志性符号，其始终引领着血防文化建设的发展方向、实践导向。血防文化为血防工作提供了强大精神动力和支撑，加强血防文化建设对于坚定消除血吸虫病信心、凝聚社会各方力量加快消除血吸虫病进程，以及推进卫生健康事业高质量发展均具有重要意义。血防精神是对我国长期血吸虫病防治实践文化内涵的提炼，是血防文化最本质、最集中的体现。本文探究了《七律二首·送瘟神》发表始末及其重大意义，梳理了血防精神的内涵及作用，并以江西省为例阐述了血防文化建设的实践、发展及创新之举。 　

关键词: 血吸虫病, 血防文化, 血防精神, 江西省