Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide the evidence for analyzing the causes and formulating targeted control measures of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases. Methods　Individual case investigation forms for advanced schistosomiasis cases were collected from the Sichuan Provincial Epidemic Annual Report System from 2011 to 2022, and patients’ demographics, previous medical history and liver parenchymal grading were retrieved. All advanced schistosomiasis cases’ medical records were reviewed, and the subtypes of schistosomiasis⁃endemic villages where the cases’ household registration were, floating population, survival and death and time of death were collected. Results　A total of 321 newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases were found in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022, with a male to female ratio of 0.99 to 1. There were 274 cases at ages of over 50 years (85.4%), with the highest proportion seen at ages of 60 to 69 years (87 cases, 27.1%), and splenomegaly was the most common type (180 cases, 56.1%), with no dwarfism type detected. The highest number of cases was reported in 2011 (78 cases), followed by in 2022 (74 cases), and the highest number of cases were reported in Meishan City (199 cases, 62.0%), Dongpo District (131 cases, 40.8%), and hilly subtype areas (136 cases, 42.4%). As of the end of 2022, there were 111 deaths due to advanced schistosomiasis, with the highest number of deaths seen in 2018 (25 deaths), and the highest mortality was seen among patients with the ascites type (41.2%). There were 47 (37.3%), 40 (59.5%) and 4 (23.5%) cases with grade Ⅲ liver parenchyma among patients with splenomegaly, ascites, and colonic proliferation types, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the grading of Ⅲ liver parenchyma among three types of patients (H = 12.092, P < 0.05), with more severe liver parenchyma injuries seen among patients with the ascites type than among those with splenomegaly and colonic proliferation type (Z = 24.262 and 44.738, both Padjusted values < 0.05). Conclusions　There have been newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province during recent years, and patients with the ascites type should be given a high priority among advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province. Intensified clue surveys are needed for early identification and treatment of advanced schistosomiasis cases, so as to increase the survival rate and improve the quality of life.

Key words: Advanced schistosomiasis, Epidemiological feature, Clinical feature, Newly reported case, Sichuan Province

摘要： 目的　分析四川省新报告晚期血吸虫病（晚血）病例流行病学和临床特征，为分析新发晚血成因、制定有针对性的防治措施提供依据。方法　收集2011—2022年四川省疫情年报系统中的晚血病例个案调查表，获取病例个人基本信息、既往病史、肝实质分级情况；通过查阅晚血病例资料，获取病例户籍所在流行村流行亚型、是否为流动人口、存活及死亡情况、死亡时间等，并进行描述性统计分析。结果　2011—2022年四川省累计新报告晚血病例共321例，男女比例为0.99∶1；274例（85.4%）年龄> 50岁，以60～69岁组占比最高（87例，27.1%）；病例类型以巨脾型最多（180例，56.1%），无侏儒型病例；2011年报告病例数最多（78例），其次为2022年（74例）。2011—2022年报告晚血病例数最多的市（州）、县（区）分别为眉山市（199例，62.0%）和东坡区（131例，40.8%），报告病例数最多的流行亚型为丘陵亚型地区（136例，42.4%）。截至2022年底，321例晚血病例中有111例死亡，其中2018年死亡人数最多（25例），腹水型病例死亡率最高（41.2%）。巨脾型、腹水型、结肠增殖型病例中，肝实质分级为Ⅲ级的病例数分别为47（37.3%）、40（59.5%）、4例（23.5%），3种类型晚血病例肝实质分级严重程度差异有统计学意义（H = 12.092，P < 0.05），腹水型晚血病例肝实质分级较巨脾型和结肠增殖型病例严重（Z = 24.262、44.738，P校正均< 0.05）。结论　近年来，四川省每年仍有新报告晚血病例，腹水型病例是四川省晚血病例救治重点。应加强对重点人群的线索调查，及早发现、治疗晚血病例，提高其存活率和生命质量。 　

关键词: 晚期血吸虫病, 流行病学特征, 临床特征, 新报告病例, 四川省