Abstract: Pneumocystis, an important opportunistic fungal pathogen that parasitizes in multiple mammalian lungs, may cause life⁃threatening Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and even death among immunocompromised individuals. With the rapid development of high⁃throughput sequencing and multi⁃omics technologies, systematic comparative analyses of genome, transcriptome, and whole⁃genome sequencing results demonstrate that Pneumocystis is a type of obligate biotrophic fungi, and requires obtaining nutrition from hosts. In addition, sexual reproduction is an essential process for Pneumocystis survival, production and transmission, and asexual reproduction facilitates Pneumocystis survival, which provides new insights into understanding of the whole developmental process of Pneumocystis in the host lung and inter⁃host transmission of Pneumocystis. This review summarizes the advances in the reproduction mode of Pneumocystis and underlying mechanisms, which provides insights into prevention and treatment of PCP, notably for the prophylaxis against nosocomial transmission of PCP.

Key words: Pneumocystis, Development, Reproduction mode, Sexual reproduction, Asexual reproduction

摘要： 肺孢子菌是一种寄生于多种哺乳动物肺内的机会致病性真菌，在免疫机能低下人群中可引起肺孢子菌肺炎，严重者可导致死亡。随着高通量测序和组学技术的飞速发展，对肺孢子菌基因组学、转录组学和全基因组学测序结果的系统比较分析结果提示，肺孢子菌为活体营养专性寄生真菌，需从宿主获取营养，且有性生殖是其存活、增殖及传播必须经历的过程，无性生殖有助于肺孢子菌存活，这为肺孢子菌在宿主肺内完成整个发育过程及其在宿主间传播提供了新见解。本文就肺孢子菌繁殖方式及其相关机制研究进行综述，从而为肺孢子菌肺炎防治，尤其是预防该病在医院内传播提供参考。 　

关键词: 肺孢子菌, 发育, 繁殖方式, 有性生殖, 无性生殖