Abstract: Objective　To analyze and compare the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Jiaozuo City before and after malaria elimination, so as to provide insights into the malaria surveillance during the post⁃elimination stage and prevention of re⁃establishment of imported malaria. Methods　Data pertaining to the epidemic situation and individual investigation of malaria in Jiaozuo City before (from 2010 to 2016) and after malaria elimination (from 2017 to November, 2020) were captured from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and the Information System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and were analyzed statistically. Results　A total of 74 imported malaria cases were reported in Jiaozuo City from 2010 to 2021. Imported cases were predominantly Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases in Jiaozuo City before and after malaria elimination, and there was no significant difference in the proportion of malaria parasite species ([χ2] = 0.234, P > 0.05). The imported malaria cases was predominantly reported in Wuzhi County, and was identified in overseas male farmers and businessmen at ages of 20 to 59 years, while the greatest number of imported malaria cases was reported in June and December before and after malaria elimination. The imported malaria cases predominantly acquired malaria parasite infections in sub⁃Saharan African countries; however, the proportion of imported malaria cases returning from Southeast Asian counties increased after malaria elimination than before malaria elimination ([χ2] = 5.989, P < 0.05). The longest duration from onset to definitive diagnosis of malaria reduced from 27 days before malaria elimination to 18 days after malaria elimination, and the median duration reduced from 3 days to 2 days, while the proportion of definitive diagnosis of malaria increased from 60.47% before malaria elimination to 83.87% after malaria elimination ([χ2] = 4.724, P < 0.05). In addition, the proportion of malaria cases definitively diagnosed and reported by medical institutions increased after malaria elimination than before malaria elimination ([χ2] = 5.406, P < 0.05). Conclusions　The imported malaria patients were predominantly P. falciparum malaria cases in Jiaozuo City during 2010 to 2021, and the patient’s medical care⁃seeking awareness and medical staff’s diagnosis and treatment ability have improved after malaria elimination. It is necessary to strengthen and improve malaria surveillance and response system and prevent the re⁃establishment of overseas imported malaria.

Key words: Malaria, Imported case, Epidemiological characteristic, Jiaozuo City

摘要： 河南省焦作市疾病预防控制中心（河南 焦作 454001）目的　分析河南省焦作市消除疟疾前后输入性疟疾流行病学特征，为开展消除疟疾后监测和防止输入性疟疾再传播提供科学依据。方法　通过传染病报告信息管理系统和寄生虫病防治信息管理系统收集焦作市消除疟疾前（2010—2016年）和消除后（2017—2021年11月）疟疾疫情数据及病例流行病学个案调查资料，进行描述性统计分析。结果　2010—2021年11月焦作市累计报告输入性疟疾病例74例。消除疟疾前后，输入性病例均以恶性疟为主，各虫种所占比例差异无统计学意义（[χ2] = 0.234，P > 0.05），病例主要分布在武陟县、以20 ~ 59岁中青壮年男性为主，职业以境外务工的农民工、经商等为主，病例报告时间以每年6月和12月居多。消除疟疾前后，输入性疟疾病例均主要来自撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲国家，但消除疟疾后来自东南亚国家的比例有所上升，差异均有统计学意义（[χ2] = 5.989，P < 0.05）。消除疟疾后，患者从发病到确诊最长时长从27 d下降为18 d，中位时间从3 d缩短为2 d，3 d内确诊率由消除前的60.47%上升为消除后的83.87%（[χ2] = 4.724，P < 0.05）。医疗机构疟疾确诊及报告比例上升（[χ2] = 5.406，P < 0.05）。结论　2010—2021年焦作市输入性疟疾病例主要为恶性疟病例，消除疟疾后患者就诊意识和医务人员诊治能力有所提高；今后仍需加强完善疟疾监测响应体系，谨防境外输入疟疾再传播。 　

关键词: 疟疾, 输入性病例, 流行特征, 焦作市