Abstract: Objective　To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in Elaphurus davidianus released to Poyang Lake areas and evaluate the impact of the project of “E. davidianus released to wild environments for natural reproduction and growth” ( “E. davidianus return home project” ) on the transmission of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake areas. Methods　During the period from April 2018 to December 2019, the population distribution, inhabiting activity and natural reproduction of E. davidianus released to Poyang Lake areas were investigated by means of GPS and artificial observations. The S. japonicum infection was identified in animal feces in E. davidianus inhabitats using a hatching test, and snail distribution was surveyed in E. davidianus inhabiting grass islands using a systematic sampling method. Results　A total of 51 E. davidianus were released to the Poyang Lake areas in 2018, which subsequently produced 5 E. davidianus habitats in Yinlong Lake, Longkou, Nanchi Lake, Lianzi Lake and Zhu Lake. E. davidianus was found to predominantly inhibit in grass islands, farmlands and forest lands in hilly regions around the Poyang Lake areas. The natural reproduction rate of E. davidianus was 25% in the habitats in 2019, and the mean density of snails was 0.009 to 0.039 snails/0.1 m2 in E. davidianus inhabitats; however, no S. japonicum infection was identified in snails. In addition, the mean densities of wild E. davidianus and bovine feces were 4.6 samples/hm2 and 2.1 samples/hm2, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection was 4.35% and 13.16% (P = 0.236), respectively; however, the intensities of S. japonicum infections were “+++” and “+”, respectively. Conclusions　The E. davidianus released to Poyang Lake areas may get infections with S. japonicum, and cause schistosomiasis transmission through fecal contamination in grass islands. The impact on local schistosomiasis transmission and the response strategy requires to be investigated following the release of E. davidianus to lake regions, to ensure the achievement of the goal of schistosomiasis elimination and the successful implementation of the “E. davidianus return home project” in Poyang Lake areas.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Oncomelania snail, Elaphurus davidianus, Poyang Lake area

摘要： 目的　了解放归鄱阳湖区的麋鹿血吸虫感染情况，评价“麋鹿放归野外自然繁衍生长计划”（“麋鹿回家计划”）对鄱阳湖区血吸虫病传播的影响。方法　采用GPS项圈定位、人工跟踪观察等方法，于2018年4月-2019年12月调查放归鄱阳湖区麋鹿的种群分布、栖息活动和自然增殖等情况，采用塑料杯顶管孵化法检测麋鹿栖息地动物野粪血吸虫感染情况，采取系统抽样法对麋鹿栖息地草洲进行钉螺分布调查。结果　2018年，共有51头麋鹿放归鄱阳湖区，形成了银宝湖、龙口、南池湖、莲子湖和珠湖等5个麋鹿栖息地，栖息环境主要为鄱阳湖区草洲、圩内农田和山丘林地等。对银宝湖麋鹿栖息地调查显示，至2019年该地麋鹿自然增殖率为25.0%，平均钉螺密度为0.009 ~ 0.039只/0.1 m2,未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺；麋鹿和牛粪平均密度分别为4.6份/hm2和2.1份/hm2，血吸虫阳性率分别为4.35%和13.16%（P ＝ 0.236），感染强度分别为“+++”和“+”。结论　放归鄱阳湖区的麋鹿可感染血吸虫，并可通过粪便对草洲污染而引起血吸虫病传播扩散。应积极探索麋鹿放归湖区后对当地血吸虫病传播的影响和应对策略，确保鄱阳湖区消除血吸虫病目标的实现和“麋鹿回家计划”的顺利实施。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 钉螺, 麋鹿, 鄱阳湖区