Abstract: Although great success has been achieved in schistosomiasis control，schistosomiasis japonica remains a public? health concern in China. Schistosoma japonicum is found to naturally infect over 40 mammalian animals. The implementation of the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy emphasizing infectious source control since 2004，which integrates replacement of bovines with machines，breeding domestic animals in fences，building safe pastures and chemotherapy of infected bovines，re? sults in a clear?cut reduction in the prevalence of S. japonicum infection in both humans and bovines，as well as the areas of in? fected snail habitats，and the national schistosomiasis control program is moving from transmission control towards transmission interruption and elimination. It has been found that goat is highly susceptible to S. japonicum infection，and previous epidemio? logical data have shown a high prevalence of infection in goat. However，the role of goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis ja? ponica has not been paid much attention，and there are few systematic surveys to evaluate the role of goat in schistosomiasis transmission in China to date. Professor Liang Yousheng’s group investigated S. japonicum development and reproduction（egg laying）in goat body，environmental contamination by goat feces，and the effect of temperature and humidity on the survival of S. japonicum eggs in goat feces. Their findings further demonstrate the role of goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica. In addition，they proposed，based on their findings and previous reports，that the management of goat should be integrated into the national schistosomiasis control program in China，since goat is virtually one of the major infectious sources of schistosomia? sis japonica in China. Moreover，this group improved the fecal hatching test and optimized the parasitological technique for diag? nosis of S. japonicum infection in goats. These innovative studies fill in the gaps of goat schistosomiasis japonica research in Chi? na，and the research outcomes will enrich the currently implemented integrated schistosomiasis control strategy emphasizing in? fectious source control，and are believed to play a critical role in schistosomiasis elimination in China. Since schistosomiasis seri? ously affects goat husbandry development and local famer income，and goat has become a major infectious source of schistosomi? asis japonica in China，the control of goat schistosomiasis will facilitate the progress towards the elimination of schistosomiasis in China，and the following research priorities are suggested：（1）to emphasize the control of goat schistosomiasis，and to integrate the comprehensive management of goat into the national schistosomiasis control program in China；and（2）to develop new tech? niques，products and interventions for the control of goat schistosomiasis.

Key words: Schistosomiasis；Schistosoma japonicum；Goat；Infectious source；Integrated control；Elimination

摘要：

虽然我国血吸虫病防治工作已取得举世瞩目的成就，但日本血吸虫病仍是我国重要的公共卫生问题之一。日本血吸虫可自然感染四十余种哺乳动物。自2004年以来，我国实施了以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治策略，并将牛作为重点防控对象，重点实施了家畜圈养、封洲禁牧、以机代牛、安全牧场以及对感染牛化疗等控制措施，取得了显著成效，流行区人和牛血吸虫感染率以及感染性钉螺面积均已降至历史最低水平，全国血吸虫病防治进程正由传播控制向传播阻断乃至消除迈进。羊是血吸虫易感动物之一，既往流行病学资料显示部分流行区羊血吸虫感染率较高。但羊作为日本血吸虫病主要传染源在疾病传播过程中的作用尚未得到足够重视，且目前尚缺乏有关羊在我国日本血吸虫病传播中作用的专项调查和系统研究。江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所梁幼生研究员课题组通过实验室研究和现场调查，对羊在日本血吸虫病传播中的作用进行了系统研究。课题组对日本血吸虫在山羊体内的发育与繁殖（产卵）、羊粪对环境的污染、温度和湿度对羊粪中血吸虫虫卵存活的影响等进行了观察和调查，进一步明确了羊在日本血吸虫病传播中的作用，并结合既往研究成果，提出羊是我国日本血吸虫病重要传染源之一，有必要将羊日本血吸虫病综合治理纳入国家层面的防控规划。课题组还对羊血吸虫感染粪便孵化技术进行了改进，优化了羊血吸虫病病原诊断技术。这些创新性研究工作填补了国内在羊日本血吸虫病研究领域的一些空白，研究成果将丰富我国以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治策略，在我国消除血吸虫病进程中发挥应有的作用。鉴于血吸虫病流行会严重影响流行区养羊业发展和当地农民收入，且羊已经成为部分流行区血吸虫病传播重要的传染源之一，做好羊血吸虫病防控工作有助于推进我国消除血吸虫病进程。建议重点做好以下两方面工作：① 重视羊血吸虫病防控工作，将羊血吸虫病综合治理纳入国家层面的防控规划； ② 研发适用于羊血吸虫病防控的技术、产品和措施。

关键词: 血吸虫病；日本血吸虫；羊；传染源；综合治理；消除