关键词: 内脏利什曼病, 宏基因组二代测序, 辅助诊断, 病因检测

Abstract: This case report summarize the experience from diagnosis and treatment of a patient with repeated high fever, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Following exclusion of bacterial, viral, fungal infections and hematological diseases, metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing of the patient’s peripheral blood revealed Leishmania infantum infection, and rK39 rapid diagnostic test showed positive for anti⁃Leishmania antibody, while microscopic examination of bone marrow smears identified Leishmania amastigotes. Therefore, the case was definitively diagnosed as visceral leishmaniasis, and given anti⁃infective treatment with sodium antimony gluconate and hormone, hepatoprotection, elevation of white blood cell counts and personalized nursing. Then, the case was cured and discharged from hospital. Metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing is of great value in etiological detection of fever patients with unknown causes, which deserves widespread clinical applications.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Metagenomic next?generation sequencing, Auxiliary diagnosis, Etiological detection