关键词: 钉螺, 日本血吸虫, 极端气候, 洪涝, 干旱, 高温, 寒潮

Abstract: The frequent extreme climatic events post multifaceted impacts on the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in the context of global climate change. This article systematically reviews the effects of four types of extreme climatic events, including floods, droughts, heat waves, and cold waves, on the survival, reproduction, and distribution of Oncomelania hupensis. Floods may expand suitable snail habitats, and increase both emerging and re⁃emerging snail habitats; however, the impact of floods on O. hupensis density is characterized by a lag effect of a decline followed by a rise. Droughts may cause fragmentation of suitable O. hupensis snail habitats, reduced O. hupensis snail egg production rates, and increased O. hupensis snail mortality, and heat waves may cause an increase in O. hupensis snail mortality, a reduction in numbers of O. hupensis snail populations and shrinking of O. hupensis snail distribution, while cold waves may cause a reduction in O. hupensis snail density and a rise in O. hupensis snail mortality. Extreme climate events pose both short⁃ and long⁃term effects on the distribution of O. hupensis. Intensified surveillance of O. hupensis snails is required in high⁃risk environments.

Key words: Oncomelania hupensis, Schistosoma japonicum, Extreme climate, Flood, Drought, Heat wave, Cold wave