关键词: 土源性线虫病, 食源性寄生虫病, 监测, 江苏省

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the prevalence of soil⁃transmitted nematodiasis and foodborne parasitic diseases in Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of targeted control strategies for soil⁃transmitted nematodiasis and foodborne parasitic diseases in the province.  Methods　A total of 32 counties (districts) were sampled from Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2024 for surveillance of human soil⁃transmitted nematodiasis and foodborne parasitic diseases. Each county (district) was classified into eastern, western, southern, northern and central regions according to geographical locations, and one administrative village from a township was sampled from each region. Permanent residents at age of more than 3 years in each administrative village were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and at least 200 residents were recruited in each village, with more than 1 000 residents included. Subjects' demographic features were collected, and their stool samples were collected for detection of soil⁃transmitted nematode and foodborne parasitic infections using the modified Kato⁃Katz thick smear method (two sides for each stool sample), while pinworm infection was additionally detected among children at ages of 3 to 9 years with a cellophane tape test. From 2022 to 2024, a total of 31 specific surveillance sites were allocated for surveillance of the risk of parasitic infections in Jiangsu Province. Soil and aquatic products (including freshwater fish, crayfish, freshwater crabs, and marine fish) were collected from surveillance sites for detection of hookworm larvae, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae, Paragonimus metacercariae, and Anisakis larvae using the hookworm larval separation technique, flotation solutions with saturated sodium nitrate, smears microscopy, homogeneous precipitation method and microscopy after dissection. The prevalence of soil⁃transmitted nematode and foodborne parasitic infections was compared among population subgroups, soil environments, and intermediate hosts. Results　A total of 98 152 individuals received surveillance of soil⁃transmitted nematode and foodborne parasitic infections in Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2024, and the overall prevalence of soil⁃transmitted nematode and foodborne parasitic infections was 0.058% (57/98 152), which was primarily attributed to hookworm (0.015%, 15/98 152) and C. sinensis infections (0.018%, 18/98 152). As of soil⁃transmitted nematode infections, there were significant differences in the prevalence of hookworm infections in terms of survey year ([χ2] = 6.513, P < 0.05), age group (P < 0.05) and education level (P < 0.05), and the highest prevalence was seen among subjects at ages of over 70 years (0.060%, 15/24 846) and illiterate participants (0.067%, 7/10 445) (all P values < 0.05). There was a significant difference among the prevalence rates of pinworm infection among different age groups (P < 0.05), with the highest prevalence seen among children at ages of 3 to 9 years (0.087%, 6/6 897) (all P values < 0.05). There were significant differences in the prevalence of hookworm and pinworm infections (both P values < 0.05) across 13 cities in Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2024, with the highest prevalence of hookworm infections in Huai'an City (0.056%, 4/7 087), and the highest prevalence of pinworm infections in Suqian City (0.056%, 4/7 187) (all P values < 0.05). As of foodborne parasitic infections, there was an ethnic group⁃specific prevalence rate of C. sinensis infections (P < 0.05), with the highest prevalence among Zhuang ethnic populations (22.222%, 2/9) (all P values < 0.05), and there was an educational level⁃specific prevalence rate of Fasciolopsis buski infections (P < 0.05), with the highest prevalence seen among illiterate subjects (0.038%, 4/10 445) (all P values < 0.05). There were significant differences across years in terms of the prevalence of C. sinensis ([χ2] = 7.003, P < 0.05) and F. buski infections ([χ2] = 8.791, P < 0.05), and inter⁃city variation in the prevalence of F. buski infection was also significant (P < 0.05), with the highest prevalence recorded in Lianyungang City (0.042%, 3/7 066) (all P values < 0.05). Findings from surveillance of the risk of parasitic infections showed no hookworm larvae or A. lumbricoides eggs in soil samples in Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2024, and the detection of C. sinensis metacercariae was 2.365% (21/888) in freshwater fish. In addition, no Paragonimus metacercariae were found in crayfish or freshwater crabs, while the detection of Anisakis larvae or cysts was 33.888% (285/841) in marine fish. Conclusions　The prevalence of soil⁃transmitted nematodiasis and foodborne parasitic diseases was low in Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2024, with hookworm and C. sinensis as the dominant parasite species. It is recommended to enhance the management of soil⁃transmitted nematodiasis and foodborne parasitic diseases among the elderly, children, and ethnic minority populations and strengthen food safety supervision and health education to improve the comprehensive capacity for prevention of human soil⁃transmitted nematodiasis and foodborne parasitic diseases.

Key words: Soil?transmitted nematodiasis, Foodborne parasitic disease, Surveillance, Jiangsu Province