Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

Studies on effect of artesunate against Schistosoma japonicum I Susceptibility of different developed stages of worms in mice to artesunate

RU Wei-Wei, LIANG You-Sheng, DAI Jian-Rong, LI Hong-Jun, XU Yong-Liang, ZHU Yin-Chang, XU Ming

2006, 18(3): 161.

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Objective To observe in vivo the susceptibility of different developed stages of schistosomulum and adult worm of Schistosoma japonicum to artesunate. Methods Mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum were orally administered with artesunate in a single dose of 500 mg/kg at 2 h, 1, 3, 7, 12, 149 16, 25, 35 d and 42 d following the infection respectively. The mice were sacrificed and perfused by the portal perfusion method for the recovery of worms four weeks after the last administration. The worm reduction rates were calculated. Results The worm reduction rates of l, 3, 7, 12, 14, 16, 25, 35 d and 42 d old schistosomulum or adult worm groups were 16. 9%, 18. 0% , 71. 3% , 50. 2%, 36. 9%, 31. 3% , 45. 3% , 58. 0% and .26. 4% , respectively. Especially, the stage of 7-35 d old Schistosoma groups were the most susceptive to artesunate. Conclusions Artesunate possesses vermicidal effect on different developed stages of Schistosoma japonicum. Moreover, there is a obvious effect on 7-35 d old worms.

Relationship between schistosomiasis and HBsAg in heavily endemic areas of islet subtype of marshland and lake regions

LIU Wen-Jun, YAO Xiao-Ming, XIAO Jun-Wen

2006, 18(3): 164.

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Dynamic changes of early immune response in C₅₇BL/6 mice vaccinated with UV-attenuated Schistosoma japonicum

GUO Cai-Qin, ZHANG Mei-Juan, HU Zhu-Ying, SHAN Hao, ZHANG Su-Hua, WANG Rong-Zhi, NI Zhong-Yun, JI Min-Jun, WU Hai-Wei, WU Guan-Ling

2006, 18(3): 165.

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Objective To explore the dynamic changes of early stage immune responses in the skin of C₅₇BL/6 mice vaccinated with UV-attenuated Schistosoma japonicum. Methods The thickness of double pinnae was measured respectively in total 98 mice, then the mice were divided into two groups in average except 14 acted as the group of day 0 (naive). Each mouse was infected with 150 normal cercariae per pinna in Group One while each was vaccinated with 150 attenuated cercariae in Group Two. All mice were infected or vaccinated through double pinnae. On days l, 2, 4, 7,14, 21 after the exposure, seven mice were sacrificed respectively in each group and the thickness of pinnae was measured. Then, the exposed pinnae were removed and dealt as follows. The left sides were cultured and the supernatants were collected to detect corresponding cytokine while the right ones were cut open along longitudinal section. One halves were stained with HE to observe dynamic changes of inflammation and the other halves were dealt with immunohistochemistry to observe the expression of IL-12 and CDllc. Results Inflammation of the skins derived from mice infected with normal cercariae fell off gradually after it got to peak on day 7 and revived on the whole on day 21. However as the attenuated pinnae were concerned, the immune response did not get the strongest until day 14 and still intensive on day 21. There were more expressions of CDllc and IL-12 0n day 4 after the skins exposed to cercariae. Quantitative detection of cytokines secreted by cultured skin explants showed that IL-12 and IFN-Y were higher in group of mice vaccinated with attenuated cercariae than those in mice infected with normal cercariae in the early stage while IL-10 was on the other side. Conclusions Compared with the infection with normal cercariac, immune responses induced by attenuated cercariae are longer and more intensive. Although they can induce Th polarizing to different directions, it does not develop at the priming stage of immune.

Oncomelania snail control by concrete bank of river in connection with the Yangtze River after floodwater

HUANG Yi-Xin, SUN Le-Ping, HONG Qing-Biao, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Lian-Heng, XU Guo-Kun, ZHANG Ke, HOU Ning, CHEN Shi-Jun

2006, 18(3): 169.

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Objective To evaluate the effect of concrete bank on controlling Oncomela7ua snails in rivers connecting with the Yangtze River after floodwater. Methods The river in connection with the Yangtze River and the drainage area were selected as the research field. The longitudinal observation of the change of distributing status of Oncomelan:a snails was carried out in the riverway, the irrigated area and the marshland outside the outfall of water system of the Bianmin River. At the same time, the impact factors as change of the tide height, the spread of Oncomelania snails and the silt shoal were investigated. Results The areas with snails, the rate of frame with living snails and the density of living snails dropped by 74. 68% , 61. 15% and 85. 65% respectively, and the snail infection rate and the area with infected snails reduced to zero duing three years after concrete bank of river in the connection with the Yangtze River. And then, the areas with snails paced Lip and down, the rate of frame of living snails raised and infected snails appeared again. The areas with snails, rat of fram of living snails, density of living snails were increasing slowly in the irrigated area. And the infectiousncss of schistosomc was retained in the riverway. The research showed that the change of tide height was large, the average tide height of a month being from 3. 45- 5. 57 m. and there was a lot of the silt shoal iii the riverway and the average number of schlepped snails by the float was 18. 10 snail/kg. There were a lot of marshland with snails outside the outfall in connection with the Yangtze River, and the density of living snails increased. The culverts and water gates along the river was devoid of snail control establishment. Conclusions Concrete bank alone could not control the diffusion of snails and eliminate the infectiousness of schistosome completely in rivers in connection with the Yangtze River when the water level could not be controlled. It is suggested that water level control should be the first choice in snail control. At the same time, other snail control measures should be taken, especially in marshland outside the outfall in connection with the Yangtze River.

Research on cold acclimation of ncomelania hupensis in lab Zhuang Jianlin, Peng Wenxiang, Zhang Zhijie, Zhou Yibiao, Zhao Genming, Jiang Qingwu

ZHUANG Jian-Lin, PENG Wen-Xiang, ZHANG Zhi-Jie, ZHOU Yi-Biao, ZHAO Gen-Ming, JIANG Qing-Wu

2006, 18(3): 174.

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Objective To research the cold acclimation ability of snails and the effect of different cooling rates on snails. Methods Snails named Oncomelania hupensi.s hupensis were collected from the marshland in Guichi, Anhui Province in November,2005. Groups including long-period and short-period acclimations were set and compared with the non-acclimation group. The mortality with two different cooling rates was compared. Results After a period of 3 weeks long cold adapta tion, snails raised cold hardiness ability. Different cooling rates did not cause statistical significant differences in mortality. When snails kept in different temperature environments were exposed to the same low-temperature, the differences among the mortalities were also not statistically signifi cant. Conclusion The long-period acclimation exists in snails, but the rapid cold-hardening process is not detected in this experiment.

Separation and purification of the active molluscicidal component from Reineckea carnea

FENG Yu-Wen, LI Wen-Xin, LIU Shi, DENG Ling-Fu, A Bu-Lai-Ti, QI Chao

2006, 18(3): 178.

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Objective To get a molluscicide from Reineckea carnea which is effective on Oncomelania hupensis but has low poison on fish. Methods Methyl soaking, column chromatography and HPLC were used for isolation of molluscicidal component from Reineckea carnea. Results The snail mortality with Reineckea carnea powder was 86. 0% for 72 h immersion and 100. 0% for 120 h at the concentration of 17. 5 mg/L, but the fish mortality was 0 at the concentration of 130 mg/L, indicating that Reineckea carnea had different effects on the two kinds of animals . The fraction A was obtained from Reineckea carnea by methyl immersion, column chromatography. The snail mortality with A was 84. 4% for 144 h at the concentration of 10 mg/L, indicating that A had high molluscicidal effect on Oncomelania hupensis. After A being isolated by HPLC, 99. 98% RC- I was obtained from it . RC- I was determined by API2000 LC/MS and other spectrum, and it was deduced to be one of steroidal glycosides. Conclusion Reineckea carnea contains a high effective molluscicidal component.

Longitudinal observation on schistosomiasis after its transmission has been interrupted in Nantong City

Ding-Gui-Sheng

2006, 18(3): 181.

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Index of air temperature for predicting the distribution of On- comelama snails

PENG Wen-Xiang, ZHANG Zhi-Jie, ZHOU Yi-Biao, ZHUANG Jian-Lin, ZHENG Ying-Jie, JIANG Qing-Wu

2006, 18(3): 182.

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Objective To study the quantitative relationship between the air temperature and distribution of Oncomelania snails, in order to provide theoretical foundation for understanding the impact of global climate changes and the South-North Water Transfer Project on the distribution of Oncomelania snails. Methods The data of the mean lowest air temperature in a year, mean lowest air temperature in January, mean air temperature in a year, mean air temperature in January and mean highest air temperature in a year were collected, matching the air temperature according to the 1 km's grid. The spatial analysis of the air temperature and the distributional map of schistosomiasis in China was studied by using the GIS. The degree of their agreement was also studied. Results 95% confidence interval (CI) of the mean lowest air temperature in many years was (4. 3-18.1 °C) in the area of Oncomelaiu'a snail's distribution, 95% CI of the mean lowest air temperature in January of many years was (-4. 6-9. 2 °C), 95% CI of the mean air temperature in many years was (9. 4- 21. 1 °C), 95% CI of the mean air temperature in January of many years was ( 0. 9 - 12.4 °C), 95% CI of the mean highest air temperature in many years was(16. 2- 25. 6 °C). The degree of agreement between the mean air temperature in January of many years and Oncolnelania snail's distribution was the best. Conclusion The mean air temperature in January of many years is the better index for predicting the distribution of. Oncomelania snails.

Potency of anti-idiotypic antibody schistosomiasis japonica in NP30/antibody detection for mountainous areas in Yunnan Province

WU Yu-Long, XU Ning, CHOU Zhen-Ning, CHEN Feng, LI Yuan-Lin, WAN Wen, YANG Jie, FENG Zhen-Qing, GUAN Xiao-Hong

2006, 18(3): 185.

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Objective To evaluate the potency of NP30 antibody detection for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in the mountainous endemic spots in Yunnan Province. Methods A total of 506 inhabitants in the mountainous schistosomiasis endemic regions of Yunnan Province were ex- amined by using the stool hatching test for parasitological stool examination; the sera samples from 506 villagers were tested with NP30 antibody detection and SEA-EI.ISA for immune examination respectively, and the sensitivity of NP30 antibody detection was estimated . Their specificity was determined by testing 100 sera from nonepidemic scenes. Results The positive coincidence of stool hatching test with NP30 antibody detection and SEA-ELISA were 87. 80%(144/164)and 84. 76% (139/164) respectively, and their specificity as 96. 00%(96/lOO)and 94. oo% (94/100), with no significant difference between them (P>O. 05). However, in the negative sera from stool hatching test, the detection rate was 44.15% (151/342) by NP30 antibody detection, and 70.47%(241/ 342)by SEA-ELISA, the difference was significant(P<0. 05).

Surveillance on schistosomiasis in XijiangVillage, Pukou District, 2000-2004

WAN Li-Xin

2006, 18(3): 188.

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Investigation on hepatic fibrosis of schistosomiasis japonica in fishermen with different types of environments in Dongting Lake regions

YU Xin-Ling, LUO Xin-Song, ZHOU Jie, LI Jun, Alain Dessein, LIU Zong-Chuan, HOU Xun-Y, LI Yue-Sheng

2006, 18(3): 189.

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Objective To explore the relationship between the degree of hepatic fibrosis in fish ermen with schistosomiasis japonica and the different environmental types within the Dongting Lake endemic area. Methods A total of 911 subjects with schistosomiasis from three different environ mental types within the Dongting Lake endemic area was investigated to determine the degree of hepatic fibrosis by B-ultrasonography. The data were analyzed with SPSS 11. 0 and Excel. Results Among three different environmental types, the rates of men with hepatic fibrosis were signifi cantly higher than those of women except the rate of hepatic parenchymatous fibrosis in the non land-house type. The rates of hepatic parenchymatous fibrosis were decreased progressively ranging from the non-land-house type, island type to inner embankment type; however, the rates of serious hepatic periportal fibrosis were decreased progressively ranging from the island type, non-land house type to inner embankment type. The age with the highest rate of hepatic fibrosis in the non land-house type was less than those of island type and inner embankment type. The rate of hepatic fibrosis in the <30-year-old group in the non-land-house type was higher than those of the island type and inner embankment type. Conclusions The degree of hepatic fibrosis in fishermen is relat ed to the environment types where they lived (non-land-house type>island type>inner embank ment type). The prevention and control measures for schistosomiasis of fishermen should be strengthened.

Comparison of two immuno-assays for schistosomiaisis diagnosis in the field

SUN Le-Ping, HONG Qing-Biao, HUANG Yi-Xin, LIANG You-Sheng, XU Ming, ZHANG Lian-Heng, GAO Yang, ZHOU Ming, YANG Kun, ZHU Yin-Chang

2006, 18(3): 192.

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Objective To evaluate the screening value of the dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA ) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for schistosomiasis diagnosis in the field. Meth ods According to the principle of single-blind, the cluster samples were selected and examined by using DDIA and ELISA, and the samples of serum-positive were examined by using the stool hatch ing method, and the effect and efficiency of the two immuno-assays were evaluated. Results The positive samples of ELISA and DDIA were 912 and 707 respectively, and the average positive rates of ELISA and DDIA were 7. 08% (0. 84% - 21. 50%)and 5. 49% co. 44% -17. 83% ) respectively in 12 881 samples from 11 endemic villages, and the positive rate of ELISA was higher than that of DDIA(χ²= 27. 698,P<0. 01) ; the positive and negative samples of both the two methods were 383 and 11 645 respectively, and the coincidence rate was 93. 38%, and the consistency level of the two methods was moderate (kappa =0. 438). There was no significant difference between the two methods in endemic areas (χ² = 3. 498,P = 0. 061), but the positive rate of ELISA was higher than that of DDIA in controlled areas(χ² = 33. 393,P<0. 01). The positive samples of stool examination in 885 positive samples of ELISA and 615 positive samples of DDIA were 25 and 27 respectively.The DDIA and ELISA samples tested by one technician per-day were 473 and 174 respectively, the
work efficiency of DDIA was 2. 72 times as high as that of ELISA. Conclusions The two immuno assays for diagnosis of schistosomiaisis can be used in the field for screening. However, the effect and efficiency of DDIA was better than those of ELISA.

Development and preliminary application of rapid test strip for domestic animal schistosomiasis japonica

PENG Yun-Chao, LIU Jin-Ming, SUN An-Guo, CHAI Chun-Yan, SHI Yao-Jun, LI Hao, LIU Ke, LIU Zeng-Zai, LI Hai-Hui, HU Shu-Guang, LIN Jiao-Jiao

2006, 18(3): 197.

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Objective To develop a simple, rapid, economical and sensitive diagnostic strip for schistosomiasis japonica. Methods The colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) com- bined with the double-antigen sandwich assay, the gold immunochromatography assay and colloid gold conjugated antigen technique were used for antibody detection in schistosomtasis japonica. Soluble egg antigen(SEA) of Schistosoma japonicum was conjugated with colloid gold as the detecting probe, and SEA was also coated onto nitrocellulose membrane served as the antigen antibody com plex detecting reagents. Results The strip was used to diagnose schistosomiasis of animals, such as of sheep, buffalo, rat and rabbit. The sensitivity and specificity of this strip were 91. 6% and 87. 5%. There were 100% positive coincidence rates and 86. 7% negative coincidence rates detected 35 sera of buffalo in schistosomaiasis region. It also showed 12. 5% cross reactions with sera of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, and no cross reactions was detected with trypanosomiasis. It showed good coincidence between GICA and ELISA. Conclusions It is evident that this strip (GI CA) for detection of specific antiboclies against animal schistosomiasis is rapid and simple for han dling with high sensitivity and specificity. It is suitable for a wide variety of field applications.

Herxheimer's fever induced by praziquantel treatment for acute schistosomiasis:a report of 113 cases

CHEN Ping, LIU Nan-Xian, WAN Lian-He, XIE Yu, YOU Zhi-Hong, WANG Kun-Shan, ZHANG Luo-Sheng, WANG Jin-Cheng

2006, 18(3): 200.

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Plasma angiotension- Ⅱ level and its clinical significance in pa- tients with schistosomiasis

LIU Jia-Xin, WEI Hong-Jian, ZHU Jian-Jun, PAN Ke, DENG Wei-Cheng

2006, 18(3): 201.

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Objective To explore the fluctuating regularity of angiotension- Ⅱ in plasma of pa tients suffered from chronic schistosomiasis and its significance in pathophysiology aspects. Methods The plasma angiotension- Ⅱ from 68 cases of chronic schistosomiasis at early stage (the first group), 75 cases of advanced schistosomiasis (the second group) were measured by the radio immu nization analysis, while another 68 healthy persons performed as the control group. Results For the angiotension- Ⅱ level,there was no significance difference between the first group (69. 28± 16. 67) pg/ml and the control group (62. 29:12. 98) pg/ml (P>0. 05), but the angiotension- Ⅱ level in the second group was much higher(612. 00±120. 18) pg/ml than those in the others (P< 0. 01) .There were significant differences of angiotension Ⅱ level among the Child-Pugh Gracle A, B and C subgroups [Grade A(457. 76±45. 25) pg/ml, Grade B (599. 67+46. 98) pg/ml, Grade C (732. 74±27. 14) pg/ml], and there was a significant difference between the advanced patients with Grade A in Child-Pugh classification and the patients of the first group (P<0. 01) . Conclusions The angiotension- II is correlated with patient's liver function. It increases when the liver function aggravates. At early stage of schistosomiasis, its level is normal. The study suggests that if the angiotension- II is resisted in some degree, the process of liver fibrosis would be reduced or delayed.

Immediate derma allergy induced by praziquantel: one case report

FAN Xiu-Ju, ZENG Qing-Lang, LI Min

2006, 18(3): 203.

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Dynamic changes of liver sinusoid in BALB/c mice infected with Schistosomia japonicum.

TAO Jun, CAI Wei-Min, ZHANG Bin-Bin, DONG Feng-Qin, LIU Rong-Hua

2006, 18(3): 204.

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Objective To observe the change of liver sinusoid in BAI.B/c mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and explore its relationship between the degree of hepatic fibrosis and liver function. Methods A model was established in BALB/c mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum. The liver specimens of mice were used for pathological examination with routine and pi cric acid-sirius red staining to know the degree of hepatic fibrosis by semi-quantity. The expressions of C-IV and vWF in liver sinusoid were assayed through the immuhistochemistry staining. The serum ALT and AST were detected by the automatic biochemistry analyzer, and the ultrami crostructure of the liver tissue was observed by a transmission electron microscope. Results The number and diameter of fenestrations in SEC reduced 4 weeks after the infection. The fcnestrations were disappeared and the base membrane established 8 weeks after the infection. The expressions of C-IV and vWF in liver sinusoid and the degree of hepatic fibrosis increased with the time after infec tion. The levels of serum ALT and AST were not correlated with the infection time. Conclusions The phenotype alteration of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium may be a vital issue triggering the liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoina japoncium.

Evaluation of therapeutic effects of spironolactone on schistosomal pulmonary arterial hypertension by echocardiography

Zong Daoming, Zhao Xiaogong, Deng Weicheng, Chen Sixi, Sun Keying, Li Yuesheng

2006, 18(3): 207.

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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of spironolactone on schistosomal pul monary arterial hypertension(SPAH). Methods A total of 62 patients suffered from hepatosplenic schistosomiasis with pulmonary arterial hypertension were divided into the spironolactone group(n =31) and control group (n=31). All the patients underwent serial echocardiography and the clini cal effect before and after the treatment was evaluated by assessing the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary arterial diameter (PAD). At the same time, the varieties of the clinical symptoms, signs and the distance of the 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) were investigated. Results In spironolactone group, mPAP(x±s) decreased from (31. 8±7. 1) mmHg to (21. 2± 2. 1) mmHg, PAD(x±s) decreased from (28. 0±5. 0) mm to (20. 0±3. 5) mm before and after the treatment respectively(P<0. 0l). There were significant differences in mPAP, PAD, the distance of 6-MWT and the heart function before and after the treatment in the spironolactone group. How ever, the data did not show the significant difference in the control group. Conclusion The thera peutic effect of spironolactone in the treatment of SPAH is satisfactory.

Problems and difficulties of early warning and response system for public health emergencies in China

LIU Li-Qun, ZHAO Qi, ZHAO Gen-Ming, JIANG Qing-Wu

2006, 18(3): 211.

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Objective To study current situation and existed problems in the public health emer gency alert and response system so as to formulate more advices to consummate it and help to estab lish a more reasonable system adapting to our country. Methods A qualitative study was carried out among CDC working staff including two focus group discussions(FGD). Results Although government had put more emphasis on public health,increasing its devotion and strengthening the alert and response capability after SARS outbreak, some problems still existed, such as ① absence of correlative laws and rules;② lack of government devotion;③ insufficient utilization of surveil lance information; ④ lack of the canonical response guidance. Conclusions With regard to the building up of the public health emergency alert and response system, the following proposals are put forward: increasing payout on public health; consummating the construction of disease surveil lance network; affording more education and training to correlative staff engaged in the disease con trol to improve their abilities.

Investigation on increased snail status after schistosomiasis transmission has been interrupted in Gucheng District, Lijiang City

ZONG Xue-Yuan, LI Wen-Qing

2006, 18(3): 213.

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Study on reasons of underestimation of the number of Schistosoma japonicum, infected persons in mountainous endemic regions

ZHU Hong-Qing, CAO Chun-Li, WANG Qiang, BAO Zi-Ping, ZHENG Hao, GUO Jia-Gang

2006, 18(3): 214.

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Objective To study the reasons of underestimation of the number of Schistosoma japonicum infected persons in mountainous endemic regions. Methods Four study pilots (A,B,C, D) were selected at random in mountainous regions and one site (E) was selected in a lake region for reference. The target population of four study pilots were screened by ELISA, and those posi tive in ELISA in mountainous regions and the reference population in the lake region were checked by hatching test after egg concentration with a nylon-tissue bag and modified Kato technique for eti ological examination. With the standard of total positive population of parasitological examination of the above two techniques, the number of comparatively missing examination and underestimation of persons infected with S. japonicum was calculated. In accordance with the sensitivity of missing ex amination of hatching test in the control site, the reasons of underestimation of the number of S. japonicum infected persons in the mountainous regions were analyzed. Results Among a total of 5 563 people in study areas examined by ELISA, 1 536 were positive. The positive rate was 27. 61%. The positive numbers of etiological examination of A and B sites were 38 and 28, and the infection rates were 3. 12% and 2. 96% , respectively. The infection rates of A and B sites were low er than that of t e endemicity classification. The detection rates of the hatching test were higher than those of the modified Kato method in the 4 study sites. The missing numbers were 8 by the hatching test, and 72 by the modified Kato method. The detection rate with the hatching test is lower than that of the modified Kato method in the reference area, with 59 cases of missing examination by the hatching test, and 19 cases of missing examination by the modified Kato method. Con clusions The sensitivity of etiological examination was the reason of underestimation of infected persons, while the low egg burden after repeated chemotherapy and the restrained effect of medicine may be the reasons for missing examination in mountainous endemic regions.

Protective immunity effects of coimmunization with P30 DNA vaccine and protein vaccine

SHEN Jian, TONG De-Sheng, QIN Ya-Ping, HUA Chen, SI Jin

2006, 18(3): 217.

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Objective To study protective immunity effects of co-immunization with P30 DNA vaccine and protein vaccine. Methods Forty-eight 5-6 weeks old BALB/c female mice were divid ed into four groups (A,B,C,D), 12 mice of each group. In group A (control group) each mouse was immunized with 100pg pcDNA3.1 plasmid DNA by intramuscular (i. m. ) for three times at week 0,2 and 4; in group B (P30 protein group) each mouse was immunized (i. m. ) with 50 μg rP30+50 μg CFA for three times at week 0, 2 and 4; in group C (pcDNA3. 1-P30 group) each mouse was immunized with 100 μg pcDNA3. 1-P30 plasmid DNA (i. m. ) for three times at week 0, . 2 and 4; in group D (P30 DNA+rP30 co-immunization group) each mouse was immunized with 100 μg pcDNA3. 1-P30 plasmid DNA (i. m. ) for two times at week 0, 2 and immunized by subcutaneous with 50 μg rP30+50 μg CFA at week 4. Each mouse was infected with 100 tachyzoites of Toxoplas ma gondii RH strain four weeks later after last immunization. The antl-P30 antibodies were detect ed with ELISA before the challenge. Results The P30 DNA vaccine was successfully constructed. High titers of antl-P30 antibodies were induced in each mouse immunized with DNA vaccine. The protective trial proved that there was no significant difference between control group and experimen tal group though the survival time of mouse from experimental group had been prolonged. Conclu sion The P30 DNA vaccine could induced high titers of anti- P30 antibodies in immunized mice, and it may be a potential DNA vaccine candidate.

Study on health promotion mode of schistosomiasis control in marshland endemic areas

CHEN Xin

2006, 18(3): 220.

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Application of filarial-specific IgG4 testing kit in the surveil lance of filarial infection in mobile population

ZHANG Xiao-Ping, CA Li, WANG Long-Ying, QIU Qian-Wen, JIN Yan-Jun, MA Xiao-Jiang, SONG Hai-Hong, GU Mei-Mei

2006, 18(3): 221.

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Objective To evaluate the filarial-specific IgG4 testing kit for the surveillance of fi larial infection in mobile population. Methods The mobile population from some provinces which were heavily endemic areas of filariasis was observed to detect the filarial infection by filarial-specific IgG4 testing kit. Some of local residents and children were detected by the kit too. The filarial-spe cific IgG4 positives were examined by the parasitological detection method. Results Five out of 2 132 mobile people were positive in the test with 0. 23% of positive rate, among them, 0. 30% of the mobile population who came from Anhui Province were positive. One out of 1 094 local resi dents was positive with 0. 09% of positive rate. No positive was found in the local children. No mi crofilaremia positive was detected in serum by parasitological detection. Conclusion The filariaial specific IgG4 testing kit is suit to be used in the filariasis surveillance for mobile population.

Influence of acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii on genital function in male mice

ZHANG Bao-Liang, ZHOU Yong-Hua, ZHANG Ping-Hai, XU Yong-Liang

2006, 18(3): 223.

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Synthesis and molluscicidal effect of phenolic phosphates

WANG Pu-Hai, DAI Jian-Rong

2006, 18(3): 224.

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