As the biological-psychological-social medical model being founded, and with the development of social medicine, epidemiology, medical anthropology and so on, the impact of social political, economic and cultural factors on the incidence and prevalence of schistosomiasis has been recognized, and the social medical model for schistosomiasis prevention and control consequently generated, which proposed and integrated control strategy led by social measures. In order to accommodate the needs of schistosomiasis prevention and control, this paper introduced the concept and methods of social epidemiology, hoping to provide references for exploring new strategies of schistosomiasis control.