Abstract:

Objective To understand the relationship of schistosome infection with environment and the behavioral character? istics of residents in Jingzhou area. Methods The schistosomiasis patients（positive in stool examinations）were investigated with the questionnaire at home. The content of questionnaire included the hygienic and environmental situation，the behavioral charac? teristics of the residents，and the treatment of schistosomiasis patients. Results A total of 1 552 schistosomiasis patients were in? vestigated，and the proportion of the patients aged from 45 to 60 years was 81.0% and the proportion of the patients aged more than 65 years was 9.7%. In Gong?? an County and Jianli County，in daily life，the water contact included ditch water（0.7%），running water（43.0%），and well water（56.3%） . In product activities，the water contact included farming（48.3%），fishing，and fighting flood. The peak period of water contact was from May to July. Totally 91.24% of the residents knew whether there were Oncomela? nia snails in their fields，and the snails could be detected in 18.6% of their fields or 10 meters around. There were 8.14% of schis? tosomiasis patients did not take the medicine last year，and 1 007 persons（64.88%）who took the medicine last year were re?in? fected in next year. Conclusions Productive activities are the main water contact ways in the 2 counties researched. It is the key measures to change the environment and the pattern of agricultural production in rural areas for schistosomiasis control.

Key words: Schistosomiasis； Health environment； Behavioral characteristics；Jingzhou area

摘要：

目目的 了解荆州地区血吸虫感染与环境和行为特征的关系。 方法 采用入户问卷调查的形式对粪检发现的血吸虫病人进行个案调查。调查内容包括血吸虫病人的卫生环境状况、 行为特征和病原治疗情况。 结果 共调查粪检阳性病人1 552人， 其中40～65岁人群比例为81.0%， 65岁以上占9.7%； 在公安县和监利县血吸虫病人中因生活接触自然地表水数量大为减少， 直接取自沟渠水的仅占0.7%， 用自来水比例为43.0%， 用井水比例为56.3%。接触地表水主要方式以种田为主， 占48.30%， 其次为捕鱼捞虾和抗洪救灾。因各镇生产农作物种类、 种养结构不同， 血吸虫病人接触地表水主要时段有较大差别， 多数地方集中于5、 6、 7月。91.24%的血吸虫病人能知道自家田块中是否有钉螺， 在自家田块或周围10 m 范围内能查到钉螺的比例为18.6%。调查发现每年度仍有约8.14%粪检阳性病人未服药到口。上年有明确服药史的1 007 人本年度重新患病， 占调查病人数的64.88%。 结论 生产性劳动是2县血吸虫病感染的主要途径， 感染时机由于各镇的种养结构不同有较大区别， 改变农村卫生环境和传统农业生产方式是降低人群患血吸虫病机会关键措施。

关键词: 血吸虫病； 卫生环境； 行为特征； 荆州地区