Abstract:

Objective To study the molluscicidal activity, the influence on glycogen content of Oncomelania hupensis and the acute toxicity to zebra fish of the extract from Phytolacca americana Linn leaf. Methods The different polar factions of the extract of Phytolacca americana Linn leaf were separated by using the systemic solvent segregation method, and then the molluscicidal activity of the fractions was detected according to the "Laboratory Final Milluscicides Sieve Method" issued by WHO. The glycogen content of soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis treated by the ethyl acetate polar fraction was determined by the anthrone method. Finally, the acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate polar fraction to non-targets was studied with zebra fish. Results The ethyl acetate polar fraction was the best active components against the snails. Its 48h LC50 and LC90 were 6.0 mg/100 ml and 26.1 mg/100 ml respectively. The glycogen content of soft tissues of the snails decreased by 20% after treated with the fraction. The fish, treated by the concentration of LC50 (48 h) of the ethyl acetate polar fraction survived for 12 h , and it showed the fraction possessed a significant acute toxicity to the zebra fish. Conclusions The Phytolacca americana Linn leaf possesses an adequate molluscicidal activity and a significant acute toxicity to the zebra fish.

Key words: Phytolacca americana Linn, Oncomlania hupensis, Molluscicidal effect, Glycogen, Acute toxicity

摘要：

目的 探讨垂序商陆叶杀灭钉螺效果、对钉螺糖原的影响及其对斑马鱼的急性毒性。方法 用系统分离法分离垂序商陆叶的各极性部位，采用WHO推荐的“杀螺剂实验室终筛法”中的浸泡法进行浸杀灭螺试验，筛选垂序商陆叶的灭螺活性部位；用蒽酮比色法测定灭螺活性部位对钉螺糖原的影响；测定垂序商陆叶极性部位对斑马鱼的急性毒性。结果 垂序商陆叶灭螺活性部位集中在乙酸乙酯极性部位，对钉螺48 h LC50 和LC90值分别为6.0 mg/100 ml和26.1 mg/100 ml；垂序商陆叶乙酸乙酯极性部位可使糖原含量降低20%；在近LC50浓度（48 h）的垂序商陆叶乙酸乙酯极性部位作用下，斑马鱼可存活12 h。结论 垂序商陆叶乙酸乙酯极性部位有较好的灭螺效果，但对斑马鱼有较强的急性毒性。

关键词: 垂序商陆, 钉螺, 杀螺作用, 糖原, 急性毒性