Abstract: To understand the progress of, summarize the lessons learned from and analyze the challenges in the national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2024, this article presented the endemic situation of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People's Republic of China in 2024. By the end of 2024, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate schistosomiasis elimination achievements, and 7 provinces of Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangxi maintained the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission interruption. A total of 450 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2024, including 26 061 endemic villages covering 73 630 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 450 counties (cities, districts) endemic for schistosomiasis, 388 (86.22%) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 62 (13.78%) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption. In 2024, a total of 4 102 624 individuals received immunological tests for schistosomiasis in China, with 44 823 sero⁃positives identified (1.09% seroprevalence), and a total of 169 722 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 1 egg⁃positives detected. A total of 27 321 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2024. In 2024, a total of 575 686 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis⁃endemic villages of China, and 113 842 bovines received immunological tests, with 235 sero⁃positives detected (0.21% seroprevalence), while no egg⁃positives were identified among the 167 475 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2024, snail survey was performed covering an area of 680 498.27 hm2 in China, and 190 778.66 hm2 snail habitats were identified, including 59.09 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 704.23 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. In 2024, a total of 19 665 schistosomiasis patients receiving chemotherapy with praziquantel in China, and expanded chemotherapy was given to humans at 571 722 person⁃times and to bovines at 306 740 herd⁃times. In addition, snail control with chemical treatment covered 117 111.37 hm2 snail habitats across China in 2024, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 66 562.95 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 374.26 hm2. The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence rates of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both 0 among humans and bovines in China in 2024, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that the prevalence of schistosomiasis remained at a low level in China in 2024; however, the areas of snail habitats remained high and the number of fenced cattle showed a slight increase. To address these risks, it is imperative to maintain the integrated strategy with an emphasis on management of the source of S. japonicum infection and intensified snail control in high⁃risk areas, and to reinforce schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast and snail control in high⁃risk areas.  

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Endemic situation, Surveillance, China

摘要： 为了解全国血吸虫病消除工作进展、总结防治经验、分析存在的问题，本文对2024年全国血吸虫病疫情和监测结果进行分析。截至2024年底，全国12个血吸虫病流行省（直辖市、自治区）中，上海市、广东省、广西壮族自治区、福建省和浙江省继续巩固血吸虫病消除成果，江苏省、四川省、云南省、湖北省、湖南省、安徽省和江西省维持血吸虫病传播阻断标准。2024年，全国共有450个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）、3 212个流行乡（镇）、26 061个流行村，流行村总人口7 363.05万人；450个流行县（市、区）中，388个（86.22%）达到血吸虫病消除标准、62个（13.78%）达到传播阻断标准。2024年，全国累计开展居民血吸虫病免疫学检查4 102 624 例，阳性44 823例，阳性率为1.09%；开展病原学检查169 722例，阳性1例；全国尚存晚期血吸虫病患者27 321例。2024年，全国血吸虫病流行村现有存栏牛575 686头，累计开展免疫学检查113 842头，阳性235头，阳性率为0.21%；开展病原学检查167 475头，未发现阳性。2024年，全国累计开展钉螺调查680 498.27 hm2，查出有螺面积190 778.66 hm2，其中新发现有螺面积59.09 hm2、复现有螺面积704.23 hm2。2024年，全国累计治疗血吸虫病患者19 665例，人群病原学扩大治疗571 722例·次，牛病原学扩大治疗306 740头·次；累计开展药物灭螺117 111.37 hm2，实际药物灭螺66 562.95 hm2，环境改造灭螺1 374.26 hm2。2024年，全国血吸虫病监测结果显示人、畜血吸虫感染率均为0，未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示，2024年全国血吸虫病疫情稳定在低水平，但有螺面积居高不下、牛存栏数略有上升；需坚持实施传染源控制为主、强化重点环境钉螺控制的综合防治策略，加强血吸虫病监测预警和重点地区钉螺控制。 

关键词: 血吸虫病, 疫情, 监测, 中国