Abstract: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a category B infectious disease caused by hantaviruses that cause acute kidney injury and has a high mortality rate, and HFRS control has been given a high priority in China. It has been found that hantavirus types are closely associated with selective host transformation and regional adaption, and continue to evolve in the form of gene recombination. The severity of HFRS varies in hantavirus types. In addition, global environmental changes and alteration of host animal behaviors accelerate Hantavirus genome variations, and large⁃scale land reclamation and infrastructure building increases the likelihood of human contacts with hosts and disease⁃transmitting vectors, thereby increasing the risk of HFRS development. This review summarizes the main characteristics and influencing factors pertaining to the epidemic process of HFRS, so as to provide insights into effective prevention and control of this infectious disease.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Hantavirus, Epidemiological characteristic, Influencing factor

摘要： 肾综合征出血热（hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS）是由汉坦病毒（hantavirus）感染引起的一种乙类传染病，可引发急性肾损伤，病死率较高。汉坦病毒型别与选择性宿主转换和地区适应密切相关，并由此不断以基因重组等方式进化，不同型别汉坦病毒所致疾病严重程度不同。全球环境变化及宿主动物习性改变加速了汉坦病毒基因组变异；同时，我国大规模土地改造、基础设施建设也使人群与病毒宿主和疾病传播媒介的接触机会增加，一定程度上增大了人群患病风险。本文综述了肾综合征出血热流行过程的主要特征及其相关影响因素，为有效防控该疾病的发生和流行提供参考依据。 　

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 汉坦病毒, 流行特征, 影响因素