Abstract: Objective　To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and implementation of the “1?3?7” approach in malaria elimination in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the data support for the development of post?elimination surveillance interventions. Methods　All data pertaining to malaria cases in Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2019 were captured from the Notifiable Disease Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the changes in the epidemic situation of malaria were analyzed during the 5?year period. In addition, the core indexes regarding the “1?3?7” approach in malaria elimination of Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2019 were retrieved from the Malaria Control System in the Parasitic Disease Information Reporting System, and all changes in the indexes were descriptively analyzed. Results　During the period from 2014 to 2019, a total of 2 283 malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province, including 1 927 cases with vivax malaria, 326 cases with plasmodium malaria, 29 cases with other species of malaria, and one case with unidentified species. There were 64 local cases, 2 219 overseas imported cases. Among the 2 283 malaria cases, the male/female ratio was 4.58 ∶ 1, and 80.25% of the cases were aged from 15 to 50 years. Farmer (70.00%) was the predominant occupation, and 76.70% (1 751/2 283) of the cases were identified in 25 border counties (districts). Malaria cases were reported in each month during the 5?year period, and the number of malaria cases increased from April, peaked on May to July, and started to decline on August. From 2014 to 2019, the reporting rate of malaria cases within 24 hours upon diagnosis was 100%, and the detection of malaria cases was 99.69% (2 276/2 283) in the laboratory, with a 99.65% (2 275/2 283) rate of definite diagnosis. In addition, the percentage of individual epidemiological investigations within 3 days was 100.00% (2 283/2 283), and the number of epidemic foci survey and treatment within 7 days was 576 during the 3?year period from 2017 to 2019. The goal of malaria elimination was achieved in Yunnan Province on June, 2020. Conclusions　Malaria has been eliminated in Yunnan Province, and management of overseas imported malaria is the primary challenge to consolidate the malaria elimination achievements in the future. However, the approach in malaria elimination remains to be maintained, and the role of the Yunnan Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory requires to be strengthened.

Key words: Malaria, Elimination, Epidemiological feature, Surveillance, Yunnan Province

摘要： 目的　掌握云南省疟疾疫情特征和消除疟疾工作规范执行情况，为科学制定消除疟疾后监测措施提供数据支撑。方法　收集中国疾病预防控制中心传染病报告信息管理系统中2014–2019年云南省疟疾病例信息，分析疟疾疫情变化。收集寄生虫病防治信息管理系统疟疾防治系统中2014–2019年云南省消除疟疾工作规范核心指标，并进行统计分析。结果　2014–2019年，云南省累计报告疟疾病例2 283例，其中间日疟病例1 927例、恶性疟326例、其他类型29例、未分型1例；本地感染病例64例，境外输入2 219例。云南省报告的疟疾病例中，男女性别比为4.58∶1，80.25%的病例年龄为15 ~ 50岁，职业以农民（70.00%）为主，76.70%（1 751/2 283）的病例分布在25个边境县（市、区）；每月均有疟疾病例报告，病例数于4月开始上升、5–7月达高峰、8月开始下降。2014–2019年，云南省疟疾病例诊断后24 h报告率为100%，实验室检测率为99.69%（2 276/2 283）、确诊率为99.65%（2 275/2 283）；3 d内完成个案流行病学调查率为100.00%（2 283/2 283），7 d 内完成疫点调查和处置数为576个（仅统计2017–2019年）。全省于2020年6月实现消除疟疾目标。结论　云南省实现了消除疟疾目标，境外输入性疟疾防控是今后巩固消除疟疾成果的首要任务。消除疟疾工作措施有待保持，需进一步强化云南省疟疾诊断参比实验室的作用。

关键词: 疟疾, 消除, 流行特征, 监测, 云南省