Abstract: The spread of schistosomiasis seriously threaten the health of people and hinder the economic and social development in China. The water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control effectively controlled the spread of schistosomiasis by controlling the spread of Oncomelania hupensis， the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. This paper reviews the evolution of the strategy of schistosomiasis prevention and control in China and points out the historical role of water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control. Furthermore， this article analyzes the problems and challenges of water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control in the new period. In response to the challenges， the new strategy of water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control is put forward， including： developing the research of the new strategy of water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control， enhancing the research of water conservancy technology combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control， improving the efficiency and applicability of water conservancy projects combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control， strengthening the guidance of water conservancy technology combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control， and perfecting the evaluation system.

Key words: Schistosomiasis； Oncomelania hupensis； Water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control； Challenges and countermeasures

摘要： 血吸虫病的传播与流行严重威胁我国人民身体健康、阻碍经济社会发展。水利血防是指在血吸虫病流行区，利用水利工程结合血吸虫病防治措施，发挥控制钉螺孳生繁殖和扩散等防治作用，从而有效控制血吸虫病传播与流行的一种防治策略。本文回顾了我国血吸虫病防治策略和水利血防的历史沿革，以及水利血防在推进我国血吸虫病防治进程中的重要作用，分析了在当前我国的血吸虫病防治工作正在向传播阻断和消除阶段推进的新时期，水利血防工作所面临的问题和挑战，并提出了相应的水利血防对策建议：开展水利血防新策略研究；加强水利血防新技术研究，提高水利血防工程的效率和适用性；加强水利血防工程技术指导，完善工程评估体系建设等。

关键词: 血吸虫病；钉螺；水利血防；挑战与对策