鄱阳湖区禁捕退捕后渔民转产转业对血吸虫病防控的影响

中国血吸虫病防治杂志（中英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 81-84.

鄱阳湖区禁捕退捕后渔民转产转业对血吸虫病防控的影响

吴俊，袁敏，胡飞*

江西省寄生虫病防治研究所（江西南昌 330096）

出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-03-17
通讯作者: 胡飞hufei@21cn.com
作者简介:吴俊，男，医师。研究方向：血吸虫病防控与实验室技术
基金资助:
江西省重点研发计划（20202BBGL73047，20181BBG70033）

Impact of industrial and job changes among fishermen on schistosomiasis control following fishing ban and withdrawal in Poyang Lake areas

WU Jun, YUAN Min, HU Fei*

Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China

Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的　了解鄱阳湖区禁捕退捕后渔民转产转业对经济收入及血吸虫病防控的影响，为制定该区血吸虫病防控策略提供科学依据。方法　2023年5—6月，在鄱阳湖区都昌县、鄱阳县和余干县各选择1个乡（镇）作为调查区域，在各乡（镇）调查禁捕前从事渔业活动且年龄≤ 60岁者不少于500人。通过“问卷星”平台对调查对象进行问卷调查，调查内容包括人口学特征，禁捕退捕前后从事不同生产活动收益比，接触疫水频次、家庭经济收入变化等。收集2016—2023年都昌县、鄱阳县和余干县渔民血吸虫病查、治资料，以及调查对象血吸虫性肝纤维化和晚期血吸虫病患病信息。比较禁捕退捕后调查对象经济收入、疫水接触频次变化，以及3个县渔民血检阳性率、查病受检率和受治率变化。结果　共调查2 449名渔民，平均年龄为（49.55 ± 8.86）岁；其中专职渔民占67.54%（1 654/2 449），兼职渔民占32.46%（795/2 449）。专职和兼职渔民从事捕鱼活动的收益比分别从禁捕退捕前的88.15%和34.82%降至禁捕退捕后的< 0.01%和0.03%，其他各类生产活动收益比均有所上升。认为经济收入减少或大幅度减少的专职渔民占79.93%（1 322/1 654），高于兼职渔民（占66.79%，531/795）（[χ2] = 50.307，P < 0.001）；认为经济收入变化不大的兼职渔民占15.60%（124/795），高于专职渔民（占4.11%，68/1 654）（[χ2] = 96.274，P < 0.001）。禁捕退捕后渔民接触疫水频次减少，其中彻底不接触、大幅度减少接触和减少接触人数分别占14.74%（361/2 449）、57.78%（1 415/2 449）和26.05%（638/2 449）。都昌县、鄱阳县和余干县渔民血吸虫病血检阳性率、人群查病受检率和受治率分别由2016年的9.79%、87.14%、97.80%下降至2023年的4.38%、53.16%、71.51%，差异均有统计学意义（[χ2] = 6.944、865.194、238.953，P均< 0.01）；调查对象中晚期血吸虫病、血吸虫性肝纤维化患者分别占42.64%（826/1 937）和6.08%（149/2 449）。结论　鄱阳湖区禁捕退捕后渔民转产转业有利于血吸虫病防控，但由于外出务工人员增加等因素影响，使得此类人群健康管理难度增加。

关键词: 血吸虫病, 禁捕退捕, 渔民, 转产转业, 鄱阳湖区

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the industrial and job changes among fishermen and their impact on economic incomes and schistosomiasis control following fishing ban and withdrawal in Poyang Lake areas, so as to provide insights into formulation of the schistosomiasis control strategy in these areas. Methods　One township was selected as the study area from each of Duchang County, Poyang County and Yugan County around the Poyang Lake areas from May to June, 2023, and at least 500 fishermen at ages of 60 years and less were sampled from each township. Questionnaires were allocated to all subjects via the ''Questionnaire Star'' platform, including demographics, ratio of profits from different production activities before and after fishing ban and withdrawal, contact with infested water before and after fishing ban and withdrawal, and changes in household economic income before and after fishing ban and withdrawal. Subjects' schistosomiasis examination and treatment data, and development of schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis and advanced schistosomiasis were collected from 2016 to 2023. The changes in economic incomes, contact with infested water, sero⁃prevalence of human schistosomiasis, and proportions of schistosomiasis examinations and treatments were compared among study subjects. Results　A total of 2 449 fishermen with an average age of (49.55 ± 8.86) years were investigated, including 1 654 full⁃time fishermen (67.54%) and 795 part⁃time fishermen (32.46%). The ratios of profits from fishing activities reduced from 88.15% and 34.82% before fishing ban and withdrawal to < 0.01% and 0.03% after fishing ban and withdrawal among full⁃time and part⁃time fishermen, while the ratios of profits from other production activities increased. The proportion of full⁃time fishermen who thought a reduction or a large reduction in their economic incomes was 79.93% (1 322/1 654), which was higher than that (66.79%, 531/795) of part⁃time fishermen ([χ2] = 50. 307, P < 0.001), and the proportion of part⁃time fishermen who thought minor changes in their economic incomes was 15.60% (124/795), which was higher than that (4.11%, 68/1 654) of full⁃time fishermen ([χ2] = 96.274, P < 0.001). There was a reduction in the contact with infested water among fishermen following fishing ban and withdrawal, and the proportions of respondents that had no contact, a large reduction in contact and a reduction in contact with infested water were 14.74% (361/2 449), 57.78% (1 415/2 449) and 26.05% (638/2 449), respectively. In addition, the sero⁃prevalence of schistosomiasis, and proportions of schistosomiasis examinations and treatments decreased from 9.79%, 87.14%, and 97.80% in 2016 to 4.38%, 53.16%, and 71. 51% in 2023 among fishermen in Duchang County, Poyang County and Yugan County([χ2] = 6.944, 865.194, 238.953, all P values < 0.01), and the prevalence of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis and advanced schistosomiasis was 42.64% (826/1 937) and 6.08% (149/2 449) among study subjects, respectively. Conclusions　Industrial and job changes among fishermen are beneficial for schistosomiasis control after fishing ban and withdrawal in Poyang Lake areas; however, there is an increased difficulty for management of fishermen due to an increase in number of migrant labors and other factors.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Fishing ban and withdrawal, Fisherman, Industrial and job change, Poyang Lake areas

中图分类号:

R532.21

吴俊, 袁敏, 胡飞. 鄱阳湖区禁捕退捕后渔民转产转业对血吸虫病防控的影响[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志（中英文）, 2025, 37(1): 81-84.

WU Jun, YUAN Min, HU Fei. Impact of industrial and job changes among fishermen on schistosomiasis control following fishing ban and withdrawal in Poyang Lake areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control, 2025, 37(1): 81-84.